GUERNSEY 421 GUEUX art in Paris and was awarded the silver medal at the St. Louis Exposition in 1904. He was director of color and decoration at the Panama-Pacific Expo- sition. He painted decorations for the Lincoln Memorial at Washington, and for the Pennsylvania Station in New York City. He was an associate of the National Academy, and was a member of the National Institute of Arts and Letters. GUERNSEY (gem'zi), the second- largest and most W. of the Channel Islands, lying off the N. coast of France, 46 miles from Cherbourg, and about 68 miles from Start Point in Devonshire. It is of a triangular form, area 19 square miles. The N, part is level, the S. more ele- vated, coast lofty and abrupt, the island being almost entirely of granite forma- tion. The climate is extremely healthy. The soil is fertile. The breeding of cattle and the dairy are the principal objects of attention; and the butter made is highly esteemed. Horticulture and flori- culture also receive much attention, and fruit, especially figs and grapes, is very abundant. The grape-houses are further utilized for the raising of early vege- tables and tomatoes, which are sent to the London market. The principal ex- ports are cattle, fruits, vegetables in the early spring; granite for paving, etc. The dialect of the island is the pure Nor- man of some centuries ago; but a knowl- edge of English is general. The prin- cipal educational institution is Eliza- beth College, at St. Peter's Port, the capital, and only town in the island. Steamers ply regularly between Guern- sey and London, Southampton, Ply- mouth and Weymouth. The island is under a lieutenant-governor, who repre- sents the sovereign in the assembly of the states, a kind of local parliament. It is strongly fortified, and has a well- organized militia. Pop. (1919) 45,000. GUERRERO (ger-ra'ro), a State of Mexico, on the Pacific Ocean; area, 24,- 996 square miles; capital Chilpancingo. It is a broken mountainous country, rich in minerals, fertile in the upland valleys, and enjoying a favorable climate ex- cept on the coast. Pop. (1917) 620,416. GUESCLIN, BERTRAND DU (ga- klan'). Constable of France; born near Dinan in the district of Rennes, about either 1314 or 1320. From his boyhood upward he excelled in all martial exer- cises. In the contests between Charles de Blois and Jean de Montfort for the dukedom of Brittany he took part with the former, especially distinguishing himself at Vannes (1342). After King John had been taken prisoner by the Black Prince at the battle of Poitiers in 1356, Du Guesclin contended success- fully against the English, his valor and military skill being especially shown at Rennes (1356) and Dinan (1357). Then, entering the service of the Dauphin, afterward Charles V., he took Melun (1359) and several other fortified towns, and freed the Seine from the English. On Charles* accession to the throne in 1364 Du Guesclin was created governor of Pontorson, and in May of the same year gained the battle of Cocherel against Charles the Bad of Navarre. But on Sept. 29 following he was de- feated and taken prisoner by the Eng- lish, under Sir John Chandos, at the battle of Auray, and only liberated on payment of a ransom of 100,000 livres. He next supported Henry, Count of Trastamare, against Pedro the Cruel, King of Castile, but was defeated and taken prisoner by the Black Prince near Najera (1367). Being again ransomed on payment of a large sum, Du Guesclin renewed the contest, and in 1369 de- feated and captured Pedro at Montiel, and placed the crown of Castile on the head of Henry of Trastamare. Immedi- ately afterward he was recalled by Charles V. of France, at that time hard pressed by the English, and was raised to the dignity of Constable of France. In the year 1370 Du Guesclin opened his campaigns against the English, and in a few years the whole of their posses- sions were in the hands of the French, with the exception of a few fortified towns. While assisting at the siege of Chateauneuf de Randon, in Languedoc, Du Guesclin was taken ill, and died July 13, 1380. GUEUX (ge), or "The Beggars," the name assumed by the confederated no- bles who opposed the introduction of the Inquisition into the Low Countries by Philip II. of Spain. Forming themselves into an association, November, 1565, they presented a formal protest to the regent, Margaret of Parma, April 5, 1565. Their distinctive party name they adopted from an abusive epithet applied to them on that occasion by one of Mar- garet's courtiers. The "beggars," who represented the national feeling of the country, maintained a long and vigor- ous contest against the despotic proceed- ings of Philip and his advisers, but were ultimately compelled to succumb to su- perior force. A branch of them, "the Beggars of the Sea," under the leader- ship of the bold Count de la Marck, seriously harassed the Spanish fleet, cap- tured transports with supplies for Al-
