GUSTAVUS V. 431 GUTTENBERG uncle, the Duke of Sudermania, pro- claimed king under the title of Charles XIII. Gustavus died in St. Gall, Feb. 7, 1837. GUSTAVUS V. (GUSTAVUS ADOL- PHUS), King of Sweden; born in 1858. He was the son of Oscar II. and Queen Sofia Wilhelmina. After completing his education, he entered the army in 1875 and in 1892 became lieutenant general. He married in 1881 Victoria, the daugh- ter of the Grand Duke of Baden. He acted as regent during his father's ab- sence, in 1899 and 1900. In December, 1907, following the death of his father, he succeeded to the throne. GUSTAVUS ADOLPHUS COLLEGE, a coeducational institution in St. Peter, Minn.; founded in 1862 under the aus- pices of the Lutheran Church; reported at the close of 1919: Professors and in- structors, 25; students, 361. GUTENBERG, JOHANNES, or H E N N E (go'ten-berG) , a German printer; born in Mainz, about 1400. In 1434 he was living in Strassburg, and seems to have been well known as a man of considerable mechanical skill, who taught stone cutting, mirror polishing, and similar arts. When and where he made his first attempts in the art of printing cannot with certainty be ascer- tained. Some time between 1444 and 1448 he returned to Mainz, where, in 1449 or 1450, he entered into partnership with Johannes Fust or Faust, a wealthy gold- smith, who furnished the money required to set up a printing press. This partner- ship was, however, dissolved after the lapse of a few years, Fust bringing an action at law against Gutenberg to re- cover the sums he had advanced. In consequence of the legal verdict. Fust retained the printing concern, and car- ried it on in conjunction with Peter Schoffer of Gernsheim. Gutenberg, with the assistance of a Dr. Homery, after- ward set up another printing press. He is considered the inventor of movable type. He died in Mainz, Feb. 24, 1468. GUTHRIE (guth'ri), a city, until 1911 State capital of Oklahoma, and county- seat of Logan co.; on the Cottonwood river and the Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe Railroad. It contains St. Jo- seph's Academy, a high school, several denominational schools, waterworks, elec- tric lights, 2 National banks, cotton gins, flour and planing mills, furniture and carriage factories, etc. Pop. (1^10) 11,- 654; (1920) 11,757. GUTHRIE. THOMAS, a Scottish clergyman; born in Brechin, Forfar- shire, July 5, 1803; educated at the Uni- versity of Edinburgh, and was licensed as a preacher in connection with the Church of Scotland in 1825. For some time he was employed in his father's banking office. In 1830 he was presented to the parish of Arbirlot, and he ac- cepted a call to Greyfriars, Edinburgh, in 1837. In 1843 the Disruption took place, and Guthrie took an active part with Chalmers and Candlish in organiz- ing the Free Church. He himself be- came minister of Free St. John's, Edin- burgh. The work with which his name is chiefly identified in Scotland was the introduction into Edinburgh of the ragged school system. His "Plea for Ragged Schools" (1847) is one of the most celebrated of his productions. He became editor of the "Sunday Magazine" in 1864. His chief works ai'e, "Thei Gospel in Ezekiel" (1855) ; "A Flea for Drunkards" (1856) ; "Christ and the Inheritance of the Saints" (1858) ; etc He died in St. Leonard's, Feb. 24, 1873. GUTHRIE, THOMAS ANSTEY, pseudonym F. Anstey, an English humorist, GUTIERREZ, ANTONIO GARCIA (go-te-er'reth) , a Spanish dramatist; born in Chiclana, Cadiz, in 1812. He gave up medicine for the profession of letters; living at first in great desti- tution, until the play "El Trovador" made him famous and immensely popu- lar. He visited the United States in 1844. Later he became a theatrical man- ager in Madrid, writing "The Campaign of Huesca," "The Page," and other noble tragedies. He died in Madrid, Aug. 26, 1884. GUTTA-PERCHA, the inspissated juice of Isonandra gutta, the gutta- percha tree. It occurs in tough, flexible pieces of light-brown color, which are soluble in benzene, chloroform, and bi- sulphide of carbon, insoluble in water, and only slightly soluble in alcohol and ether. The raw gutta-percha comes in lumps weighing from five to six pounds. These are cut into slices, torn to shreds, and then thrown into cold water, when the impurities sink and the pure gum rises to the surface. Gutta-percha is used for making soles of boots imper- vious to water, for door handles, ear trumpets, golf balls, etc. Above all it is employed for coating submarine tele- graph ^vires. GUTTENBERG, a town of New Jersey, in Hudson co. It is on the Hud- son river. Its chief industry is the quarrying of stone. It has also a lard- refining and a button factory. Pop. (1910) 5,647; (1920) 6,726.
