HAASE 436 HABIBULLAH KHAN and the fine arts. Though Haarlem is no longer celebrated, as in the 17th cen- tury, for its flourishing trade, it still weaves cotton, casts type, bleaches linen, and carries on an extensive trade in flowers, especially in tulips, hyacinths, and other bulbs. It was a flourishing town as early as the 12th century, when it took an important part in the wars between the Hollanders and West Fri- sians. At the close of the 15th century it was deprived of its privileges by Albert of Saxony, and it suffered severely dur- ing the revolt of the peasantry (1492). During the war of independence, it underwent a seven months' siege (1572- 1573) from the Spaniards, in which the citizens displayed the noblest heroism. The wood of Haarlem is a favorite place for recreation; in it stands the pavilion, which contains the colonial and industrial museums and a collection of modern pic- tures. Pop. (1918) 75,280. HAASE, HUGO, a German statesman. He was born in 1863 and soon became prominent in the Socialistic party. After Bebel's death he succeeded him as presi- dent of the German Social Democratic party. Beginning with 1897 he served continually in the Reichstag with the exception of 1907, when he, together with most of the Social Democratic members, was defeated. At the out- break of the war he refused to foUow the majority of his party in their sup- port of the government's policy, and in 1915 he formed the Independent Socialist party, taking, together with his fol- lowers, the stand that war credits should be refused, even at the risk of a German defeat. The stand taken by Haase and his group undoubtedly was one of the principal factors in bringing about the German revolution, an4 the naval mutiny in August, 1918, was ascribed to their propaganda. Throughout the entire war he courageously attacked the imperial- istic policies of Germany. Upon the fall of the Imperial Government in Novem- ber, 1918, he became a member of the first coalition cabinet, but after a month's service resigned as a result of con- tinuous conflicts with the more conserva- tive members of the Social Democratic party. After his resignation he at- tacked the coalition between the Social Democrats and the Center party, and although not willing to go quite as far as the Sparticides, he co-operated with the latter to some extent. He strongly opposed the aggressive policy of the Min- ister of Defense, Noske, in putting down strikes and revolts. He was assassinated on Oct. 8, 1919, by an Austrian, and died in Berlin, Nov. 7, 1919. HABAKKUK (ha-bak'uk or hab'a- kuk), in the Old Testament, the eighth of the minor prophets. It was composed when the Chaldean invasion was im.mi- nent, probably in the early part of the reign of Jehoiakim. about 610 b. c. The prophet's poetic genius is of a high order, the third chapter of the work being one of the finest compositions in the whole Old Testament. Nothing is known of the writer's history. Sev- eral passages are quoted in the New Testament, the thrice repeated doctrine that "the just shall live by faith" (Rom. i: 17; Gal. iii: 11; and Heb. x: 58), which excited so powerful an influence on Luther's mind, being derived originally from Hab. ii: 4. Hab. i: 5, is quoted in Acts xiii: 40, 41. HABANA. See HAVANA. HABEAS (ha^be-as) CORPUS, in law, a writ (more fully habeas corjnis ad sub- jiciendum) directed to the person detain- ing another, and commanding him to pro- duce the body of the prisoner, with the day and cause of his caption and deten- tion, ad faeiei^idum, subjiciendum, et re- cipiendum, to do, submit to, and receive whatsoever the judge or court awarding such writ shall consider in that behalf. It is applicable in all cases where a per- son in custody claims to be illegally de- tained, or wrongfuly refused bail, or who desires to be removed from one couii; to another. The Habeas Corpus Act has been substantially incorporated into the jurisprudence of every State in the Union, and the right to the writ has been secured by the constitutions of most of the States, and the United States. The Constitution of the United States, art, 1, sec. 9, par. 2, provides, that "the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended, unless when, in cases of rebellion or invasion, the public safety may require it." A similar provi- sion is contained in many of the State constitutions. HABIBULLAH KHAN, a former Ameer of Afghanistan, born in Samar- kand, 1872, assassinated in Afghanistan, Feb. 24, 1919. His father, Abdur Rah- man, Vv'as in exile at the time of his birth. On his father's death, in 1901, who meanwhile had been reinstated as Ameer, the young prince ascended the throne. Although previously known as anti-British, he visited India soon after his rise to power, and ever after main- tained friendly relations with the Brit- ish Viceroy, During the World War he maintained strict neutrality, and shortly before his death was arranging an anti- Bolshevik alliance _ with neighboring rulers of central Asia.
