HALLOWE'EN 452 HAM HALLOWE'EN, the name popularly given to the eve or vigil of All Hallows, or festival of All Saints, which being Nov. 1, Hallowe'en is the evening of Oct. 31. In England and Scotland it was long consecrated to harmless fireside revelries, with many ceremonies for divining a future sweetheart. HALLTJE (a-lii'), a French river, noted for the battle on its banks in 1870 between the French and Germans. HALO, PARHELION, or CORONA, various meteorological phenomena. For corona as a solar phenomenon, see under Sun. HALOGEN, the electro-negative radi- cal of a haloid salt. This term is also used for the monad elements chlorine, bromine, iodine, and fluorine, as their sodium salts resemble sea salt, which is chloride of sodium, NaCl. Chloride is a gas, bromine a liquid, and iodine a solid at ordinary temperatures. Chlorine has the greatest chemical affinity for hydro- gen, and iodine for oxygen, that of bro- mine being intermediate. HALPINE, CHARLES GRAHAM (pseudonym) Miles O'Reilly, an Irish- American author; born in Ireland in November, 1829. He came to the United States at 23 and became a New York journalist. He served through the Civil War, attaining the rank of colonel. His writings include: "Lyrics"; "Poems"; "Miles O'Reilly Papers"; "Life and Ad- ventures of Private Miles O'Reilly"; "Baked Meats of the Funeral"; "Poetical Works" ; etc. He died in New York City, Aug. 3, 1868. HALS, FRANS (hals), the Elder, a Dutch portrait and genre painter; born probably in Antwerp, in 1580 or 1581. He studied under Karel van Mander and, according to some accounts, under Ru- bens. Hals is usually regarded as the founder of the Dutch school of genre- painting. Of his portrait groups eight noble examples are preserved in the mu- seum of Haarlem. The "Mandoline Player" (1630), in the gallery of Amster- dam, is a typical example of his treat- ment of single figures. As a teacher he exercised a marked influence on the de- velopment of Dutch art, Jan Verspronck, Van der Heist, Adrian van Ostade, Adrian Brouwer, and Wouwerman hay- ing been his pupils. A replica of his "Hille Bobbe" (Berlin Gallery) is in the N. Y. Metropolitian Museum of Art. He died in Haarlem, Netherlands, in August, 1666. His brother. Dirk Hals (before 1600- 1656), a pupil of Abraham Bloemaert, ■Vas also an excellent genre painter; and several of Frans' sons were artists, the most celebrated being Frans Hals, the Younger, who flourished from about 1637 to 1669. HALSEY, FRANCIS WHITING, an American editor and author, born in Unadilla, N. Y., 1851; died in New York City, 1919. Shortly after finishing his education at Cornell, he joined the staff of the New York "Tribune," in 1875. Five years later he went over to the New York "Times," becoming editor of the "Times Saturday Review," continuing as such until 1902. Shortly before his death he completed a compiled "History of the World War," in ten volumes. Among his original writings are, "Our Literarv Deluge" (1902); "The Pioneers of Unadilla Village" (1902) ; a historical and biographical introduction to Mrs. Rowson's "Charlotte Temple" (1905). Among his editorial achievements are; "American Authors and Their Homes" (1901); "The World's Famous Orations" (in association with Wm. J. Bryan (1906); and "Seeing Europe with Fa- mous Authors" (10 vols., 1914). HALSTEAD, MITRAT, an American journalist; born in Ross, Butler co., O., Sept. 2, 1829. He spent his minority on a farm. At 18 he began writing for news- papers. In 1851 he finished his schooling at Farmers' College, near Cincinnati, and then decided to study law. He did local newspaper reporting on several Cincinnati papers; in 1853 became man- ager of a department on the Cincinnati "Commercial," and subsequently part owner. In 1866 it was considered one of the most potent newspapers in the West. In 1890 he removed to Brooklyn, N. Y., and edited the "Union" newspaper. He wrote: "The Story of Cuba"; "Life of William McKinley"; "The Story of the Philippines"; "History of American Ex- pansion"; "Life of Admiral Dewey"; "The Boer and British War"; etc. He died July 2, 1908. HAM (Hebrew, burnt, swarthy, black), a son of Noah. The impiety re- vealed in his conduct toward his fathe" drew on him, or, leather, according to the Bible statement, on his son Canaan, a prophetic malediction (Gen. ix: 20-27). Ham was the father of Cush, Mizraim, Phut, and Canaan, that is the ancestor of the Canaanites, southern Arabians, Ethiopians, Egyptians, and the Africans in general (Gen. x: 6-20). HAM (am), a town in France, de- partment of Somme, on the river of that name, 12 miles S. W. of St. Quentin. Its ancient fortress or castle was rebuilt by the Comte de Saint Pol in 1470. and now
