HANFOED 4^4 HANNAY •with this difference: the winner of one trick had to put a double stake into the pool, the winner of two tricks a triple stake, and so on. In a race or contest in which the competitors are brought as nearly as possible to an equality by the allowance of time, distance, etc., or the imposition of extra weight. HANrORD, a city of California, the eounty-seat of Kings co. It is on the Southern Pacific and the Gulf, Colorado and Santa Fe railroads. It is the center of an important agricultural and oil- producing region, and its industries In- ■ plude fruit-canning factories. It has a public library and two sanitariums. Pop. (1910) 4,829; (1920) 5,888. HANGCHOW, capital of the Chinese province of Chekiang, and since the Jap- anese treaty of Shimonoseki (1895), a treaty port, at the mouth of the Tsien- tang in the Bay of Hangchau, 110 miles S. W. of Shanghai. The city, one of the great commercial, I'eligious, and literary centers of China, has clean, well-paved streets and many magnificent temples, is a principal seat of the silk manufacture, of gold and silver work, and is noted for the beauty of its surroundings. From a remote period, many spots in the en- virons have been the resort of pilgrims; and here several thousands of candidates assemble every year for the public ex- aminations. It was formerly a naval port. The river is subject to a danger- ous bore or eager. Previous to the Taiping rebellion, the city had about 2,000,000 inhabitants; but it was then (1861) laid in ruins by the rebels. Pop. about 600,000 of whom about 100,000 are engaged in silk-making. HANGING GARDENS. The Hang- ing Gardens of Babylon were anciently reckoned among the wonders of the world. Their construction is variously ascribed to Queen Semiramis and to Ne- buchadnezzar. Diodorus and Strabo have given descriptions of them. They are said to have formed a square, with an area of nearly four acres, and rose in terraces, supported on masonry arches, to a height of 75 feet. They were irri- gated from a reservoir built at the top, to which water was lifted from the Euphrates by a screw. HAN-HAI (han-hi') , an ancient dried- up sea in central Asia, now represented only by Lake Lob-nor. HAN-KIANG (han-kyang'), a river in China, 1,300 miles long. Traffic is considerable and the region watered is in some places styled the Garden of China." HANKOW (-kou) ("Mouth of the Han"), a town and river-port in China, in the province of Hupeh, at the junction of the Han with the Yang-tse-kiang; Hanyang being on the opposite bank of the Han, and Wuchang on the other side of the Yangtse. The port was opened to foreign trade in 1862, and has become the chief emporium for the green-tea districts in the central provinces, which formerly sent their produce for export to Canton. Large steamers ascend to the town. In 1857 Hankow fell into the hands of the Taiping rebels, and was al- most completely demolished by them. Pop. about 830,000. HANLI, a Kashmir altitude, one of the highest inhabited places . on the globe; a noted cloister occupies the spot. HANNA, MARCUS ALONZO, an American legislator; born in New Lis- bon (now Lisbon), Columbiana co., 0., Sept. 24, 1837. He removed with his father's family to Cleveland in 1852; was educated in the common schools of that city and the Western Reserve Col- lege, Hudson, 0.; was engaged as an employe in the wholesale grocery house of his father, then in coal and iron. The firm of M. A. Hanna & Co. was impor- tant in the lake-carrying business, with interest in lake vessels and their build- ing. He was President of the Union National Bank, Cleveland, and of city railway and mining companies. He was government director of the Union Pa- cific R. R. in 1882 by appointment of President Cleveland; a delegate to the National Republican Conventions of 1884, 1888 and 1896; elected chairman of the National Republican Committee in 1896; appointed to the United States Senate as a Republican by Governor Bushnell, March 5, 1897, to fill vacancy caused by the resignation of John Sher- man, who resigned to accept the position of Secretary o? State in President Mc- Kinley's cabinet; took his seat March 5, 1897. His term of service under the ap- pointment expired in January, 1898, and he was elected for a second full term. He died Feb. 15, 1904. HANNAY, JAMES, a British critic and novelist; bom in Dumfries, Scot- land, Feb. 17, 1827. A few years of boy- hood were spent in the navy, from which he was dismissed at 18 by a court- martial sentence, afterward quashed as irregular. He early devoted himself to a life of letters. For several years he edited the Edinburgh "Courant," and was afterward British consul at Barce- lona. Of his novels the best are "Single- ton Fontenoy" (1850) and "Eustace Conyers" (1855). Other works were "Lectures on Satire and Satirists" (1854) ; "Essays from the Quarterly Review"
