HELLEBOBB 499 HENDEBSON who have offended the gods, but is con- ceived as limited in duration; and (3) it becomes an important factor in the moral government of the universe, a place where evil deeds done in this life are rigorously punished. In the Old Testament used chiefly for Hades, as in Psalm xviii: 5, cxvi: 3, cxxxix: 8, Prov. v: 5, Isa. xiv: 9; Hab. ii; 5. More rarely in the New Testament it is used in the same sense, as in Acts ii: 31 with ref- erence to Psalm xvi: 10, and apparently in Rev. i: 18, vi: 8, xx: 13, 14, though the language is mostly figurative. In the Apostles' Creed the article "He descended into hell" means into Hades. This sense of the word is now obsolete, except in old formulas or other archaic writings. The place of woe. This is the common New Testament sense of the word, and is the rendering of Greek Geemia (Ge- henna). Of those cast into it Jesus says, "Where their worm dieth not, and their fire is not quenched" (Mai'k. ix: 44, 46- 48), the language being adapted from Isa. Ixvi : 24. This fire is said to be ever- lasting fire, prepared for the devil and his angels (Matt, xxv: 41). HELLEBORE (hel'a-bor), in phar- macy, the dried rhizome of Veratrwiti viridCf growing in swampy districts of the United States. It is used to control the vascular system in cases of rheuma- tic gout. HELLENES (hel'ens), the native name of the ancient Greeks. HELLESPONT. See DARDANELLES. HELL GATE, a formerly dangerous pass in the east river, at New York City. Rocks here used to form an obstruction much dreaded by mariners, but by exten- sive submarine mining operations and the use of the most powerful explosives, the passage was cleared. The channel has a uniform depth of 26 feet. HELMET, a piece of defensive armor for the head; a defensive covering for the head. HELPS, SIR ARTHUR, an English historian; born in Streatham, Surrey, July 10, 1813; was graduated at Cam- bridge in 1835. His works comprise an early volume of essays : "Thoughts in the Cloister and the Crowd" (1835) ; "Cath- erine Douglas, a Tragedy" (1839) ; "Es- says Written During the Intervals of Business" (1841); "Claims of Labor" (1844) ; the series entitled "Friends in Council" (1847-1859) ; "Companions of My Solitude" (1851) ; "Brevia" (1871) "(Conversations on War" (1871) "Thoughts on Government" (1872) "Animals and Their Masters" (1873) "Social Pressure" (1875) ; "Spanish Con quest of America" (1855-1861); lives of "Pizarro" (1869); and "Cortes" (1871); "Realmah, a Romance" (1868) ; and "Ivan de Brion, a Russian Story" (1874). He died in London, March 7, 1875. HELSINGFORS, a seaport and capi- tal of Finland, on a peninsula in the gulf of that name, 180 miles W. N. W. of St. Petersburg. Helsingfors is the residence of the governor, the seat of important courts and public offices, and contains a university removed from Abo in 1827. It has manufactures of linen, sail-cloth, and tobacco, an important trade in timber, com, and fish, and one of the best har- bors in the Baltic. Pop. with Sveaborg (1917) 187,544. HEMANS, FELICIA DOROTHEA, an English poet; born in Liverpool in 1794. She first appeared as an author in 1808, with a volume entitled "Early Blossoms," which was followed in 1812 by her more successful volume, "The Domestic Affections." In the same year she married Captain Hemans, who, how- ever, left her six years later, shortly be- fore the birth of her fifth son. She then devoted herself to literature, winning public notice by her poems. In 1830 she published one of her most popular vol- umes, "Songs of the Affections." In 1831 she removed to Dublin, where she pub- lished her "Hymns for Childhood," "Na- tional Lyrics and Songs for Music," and "Scenes and Hymns of Life." She died in 1835. HEMATITE. See HAEMATITE; IRON. HEMATOLOGY, or H^ffiMATOLOGY. See Blood. HEMORRHAGE. See BLEEDING. HENDERSON, a city and county- seat of Henderson co., Ky., on the Ohio river, and on the Louisville and Nash- ville, the Illinois Central, and the Louis- ville, Henderson and St. Louis railroads: 10 miles S. of Evansville, Ind. It is in a rich timber, coal, and salt region; has regular steamboat connection with Louis- ville, Memphis, and other points; and ships large quantities of tobacco and grain. It contains several tobacco and cigar factories, foundries, car-works, carriage and wagon factories, water- works, handsome fair-grounds, grist, saw, and planing mills, woolen and churn factories, daily and weekly newspapers, a National bank, electric lights, and street railways. Pop. (1910) 11,452; (1920) 12,169. HENDERSON. ARTHUR, an English labor leader. He was born at Glasglow in 1863, and served apprenticeship as a molder at Robert Stephenson and Co. 'a works at Newcastle, later holding a num-
