ETHYL 54 ETNA The Mongolic group occupies the greater part of the Eastern hemisphere and till the discovery of America was in exclusive possession of the New World. Its chief branches are (1) the Mongolo- Tartars of central and north Asia, Asia Minor, parts of Russia and the Balkan Peninsula; (2) the Tibeto-Indo-Chinese of Tibet, China proper, Japan, and Indo- China; (3) the Finno-Ugrians of Fin- land, Lapland, Esthonia, Middle Volga, Ural Mountains, north Siberia, Hun- gary; (4) the Malayo-Polynesians of the Malay Peninsula, the greater and lesser Sunda Islands, Madagascar, the Philip- pines, Formosa, and eastern Polynesia; (5) the American Indians, comprising all the aborigines of the New World, ex- cept the Eskimo, who with the Ainos of Yesso, form aberrant members of the Mongolic group. The Caucasic group, called also Medi- terranean because its original domain is western Asia, Europe and north Africa — i. e., the lands encircling the Mediter- ranean Basin — has in recent times spread over the whole of the New World, south Africa, and Australasia. The chief branches are: (1) Aryans of India, Iran, Armenia, Asia Minor, and great part of Europe, with sub-branches; (2) Semites of Mesopotamia, Syria, Arabia, and north Africa, with sub- branches; (3) Hamites of north and east Africa; (4) the Caucasians proper; (5) the Basques of the western Pyrenees. are the cathedral, an ancient Romaiv- esque structure; the town house, court house, exchange, communal college, min- ing school, gallery of arts, library, and museum. The town stands in the center of one of the most valuable mineral fields of France; and in addition to the exten- sive collieries, blast furnaces and other ironworks in the vicinity, has manufac- tures of ribbons, silks, cutlery, firearms, etc. Pop. about 150,000. ETIOLATION, or BLANCHING, of plants is a state produced by the absence of light, by which the green color is pre- vented from appearing. It is effected artificially, as in the case of celery, by raising up the earth about the stalks of the plants; by tying the leaves together to keep the inner ones from the light; by covering with pots, boxes, or the like, or by setting in a dark place. The green color of etiolated plants may be restored by exposure to light. ETIVE (et'iv) , LOCH, an inlet of the sea on the W. coast of Scotland, county Argyle, nearly 20 miles long, of very un- equal breadth, but at the broadest part about 1^/^ miles. The scenery of its shores is very beautiful. About three miles from the sea, at Connel Ferry, a ridge of sunken rocks crossing it causes a turbulent rapid, which at half-tide forms a sort of waterfall. ETNA, or ^TNA, MOUNT, the greatest volcano in Europe, a mountain MT. ETNA, SICILY ETHYL, the radicle CH^ or CH^— CH;, not known in the free state, but existing in a large number of organic compounds, such as alcohol, ether, etc. The name was given by Frankland to the compound CiHio, but this is now known as butane. ETIENNE, ST., a tovt^i of southern France, in the department of the Loire, on the Furens, 32 miles S. W. of Lyons, The principal buildings and institutions in the province of Catania, Sicily; height, 10,874 feet. It rises immediately from the sea, has a circumference of more than 100 miles, and dominates the whole N. E. of Sicily, having a number of towns and villages on its lower slopes. The top is covered with perpetual snow; midway down is the woody or forest re- gion ; at the foot is a region of orchards, vineyards, olive groves, etc. A more or less distinct margin of cliff separates the
