EVABTS 67 lighter than atmospheric air, rises to considerable heights above the earth's surface; and afterward, by a partial condensation, forms clouds, and finally descends in rain. EVABTS, WILLIAM MAXWELL, an American lawyer; born in Boston, Mass., Feb. 6, 1818; was graduated at Yale College in 1837 and studied at the Harvard Law School. In 1841 he began the practice of law in New York City; in 1849-1853 was assistant district attor- ney; and in 1868 was the principal coun- sel for President Johnson in his im- peachment trial. In 1868-1869 he was Attorney-General of the United States; in 1877 principal counsel for the Repub- lican party before the Electoral Commis- sion on the Hayes-Tilden election re- turns; in 1877-1881 United States Secre- tary of State; and in 1885-1891 United States Senator from New York. He also represented the United States in the Alabama-claims case, and was the prin- cipal counsel for Henry Ward Beecher in his defense against the charges pre- ferred by Theodore Tilton, He was fa- mous as an orator. He died in New York, Feb. 2, 1901. EVDOKION. ABCHBISHOP (MES- CHEBSKY), head of the Russian Or- thodox Church in North America. He was born in the state of Vladimir, Russia, in 1869, and was educated in Moscow Theological Academy. In 1894 he be- came professor at the Theological Sem- inary of Novgorod, and in 1896 profes- sor and inspector of the Moscow Theo- logical Academy. In 1896 he became archimandrite, and in 1898 Master of Theology. He continued teaching in his professorial capacity for a number of years when in 1903 he was ordained bishop and appointed rector of the Mos- cow Theological Academy. He became bishop of Kashira, state of Tula, 1909, and in 1914 was named to his present position. He has written a book: St. John the Divine." EVE. See Adam and Eve. EVELETH, a city of Minnesota, in St. Louis CO. It is on the Duluth, Mis- sabe, and Northern, and the Duluth and Iron Range railroads. It is the center of an important iron-mining region and has also industries of lumbering and dairying. There is a public library, parks, and other important public build- ings. Pop. (1910) 7,036; (1920) 7,025. EVELYN. JOHN, an English writer; born in Wotton, Surrey, Oct. 31, 1620. After completing his course at Oxford, he studied law at the Middle Temple. In 1659 he took the royal side in the civil war. He published works, including EVENING SCHOOLS "Sculptura, or the History and Art of Chalcography"; "Sylva, or a Discourse of Forest Trees"; treatises on gardening, architecture, etc. But his most impor- tant work is his memoirs, which are interesting contributions to the history of the time. He died in Wotton, Feb. 27, 1706. EVENING SCHOOLS, schools which endeavor to educate those who for vari- ous reasons cannot attend schools con- ducted in the daytime. For the most pai-t they are attended by people who earn their livelihood by v/orking through the day and who desire to better their positions. They provide instruction in the primary grades, in vocational train- ing, and in the liberal arts. Those who desire the primary work are chiefly older children and adults who have grown up illiterate. The largest number of stu- dents attending evening schools in the United States are those who wish to place themselves above the position of unskilled laborers by learning a trade. The introduction of courses in liberal education is comparatively an innova- tion. In 1834 New York City estab- lished the first evening school and for a time it prospered, but as only primary instruction was given the number of students remained between ten and twenty thousand. When, however, even- ing high schools giving instruction in commercial and technical work were opened, the number of students greatly increased. The Cooper Union of New York, a private institution, is one of the most famous of those offering secondary and vocational education by evening high schools. Massachusetts now leads the States in the Union in the number of evening schools and in average attend- ance of students. Of the 204 cities which in 1913 had evening schools, 41 were located in Massachusetts cities. This has largely been the result of a law passed by the State in 1911, which made provision for the extension of the work in night schools as a part of the move- ment for vocational education. Many private institutions similar to the Cooper Union in New York have opened night schools. The Maryland Institute of Bal- timore and the larger branches of the Young Men's Christian Association are conspicuous in the efforts to provide education for those who must earn their living by day labor. In Germany the evening schools were started as early as the 18th century, but not until 1844 did they receive state or municipal aid. By 1914 Germany had established the most complete and effec- tive system of evening schools, and at- tendance on them was made compulsory for certain classes of ceoole. As a re-
