IGNACIO 117 IGUANA IGNACIO (ig-na'se-o), a group of islands of Mexico, in the Gulf of Cali- fornia, off the coast of the State of Sinaloa. IGNACIO, JOAQUIM JOSE, a Bra- zilian naval officer; born in 1808. He effected a brilliant movement on the Paraguay and won notable victories. He died in 1869. IGNATIEF, NICHOLAS PAVLO- VITCH (if-nat'e-ef), a Russian diplo- matist; born in St. Petersburg in 1832. He served in the Crimean War and was made a colonel in 1856. Ambassador to Peking, 1860; minister at Constantinople, 1864, and envoy-extraordinary in 1867- 1878. He was conspicuous in the nego- tiations before and after the Russo- Turkish War, and was appointed min- ister of the interior, but was dismissed in 1882. He was later governor-general of Irkutsk. He died in 1908. IGNATIUS (ig-na'shus), surnamed Theophorus, a father of the Church, and martyr; a native of Syria, and dis- ciple of St. John the Evangelist, by whom he was made bishop of Antioch, A. D. 68. After discharging the episco- pal office vdth great zeal for 40 years, the Emperor Trajan, passing through Antioch, endeavored to prevail upon him to renounce his religion. Ignatius con- tinued inflexible; on which the emperor sent him to Rome, where he was exposed to wild beasts in the amphitheater. His disciples conveyed his bones to Antioch. IGNATIUS, a Church father; born about 798. When his father, the Em- peror Michael I., was deposed he entered a monastery, assuming the name of Ig- natius. In 846 he was raised to the patriarchate of Constantinople. His re- fusal to admit Bardas, brother of the Empress Theodora, as a communicant, on account of his reported immorality, led to his deposition in 857. He was re- instated in 867. He died in 878. IGNATIUS BEAN, the seeds of the so-called Ignatia amara; but the genus Jgnatia is now given up, having been founded on fragments of two different plants not akin to each other. Ignatius beans, called in parts of India papeeta, have been given in cases of cholera. IGNATIUS OF LOYOLA. See LOY- OLA. IGNEOUS, in geology, a term applied to all agencies, operations, and results which seem connected with, or to have arisen from, subterranean heat; and ig- neous rocks include the Volcanic, Trap- pean, and Granitic series. Geologists use the term igneous as synonymous with Plutonic, pyrogenous, unstratified, and other similar terms. IGNIS FATUUS (ig'nis fa-tu'us), a kind of luminous meteor, which flits about in the air a little above the sur- face of the earth, and appears chiefly in marshy places, or near stagnant waters, or in churchyards, during the nights of summer. Called also "Jack-with-a-lan- tern" and "Will-o'-th'-wisp." The most general opinion is, that it is due to the emanation and spontaneous combustion of some highly inflammable gas, given off by decaying organic matter. IGOR I. (e'gor), a grand duke of Rus- sia; succeeded his father Rurick, and^ after making war a long time against his neighbors, proceeded to ravage the East, deluging with blood Pontus, Paphla- gonia, and Bithynia. He left his throne to his wife Olga, who, in her old age, embraced Christianity. He died in 935. IGOROT, inhabitant of northern Lu- zon in the Philippines. The term means "people of the mountain," and the name is derived from the fact that they have been associated from a remote age with the interior districts of Bontoe, Benguet, Lepanto, and Amburayan. Their chief occupation is agriculture, and they live in houses grouped together and roofed with plants, grass, and large leaves. They are skillful in the art of irrigation, and construct resei'voirs on the mountain sides, from which they allow the water to flow by means of drain and flues. While the customs and degree of cul- tural development are on a level among the different tribes, the Bontoes are rather more warlike than the other groups, and still engage in their ancient practice of head hunting. On the other hand the inhabitants of Benguet, Le- panto, and Amburayan are inclined to peaceful industrial pursuits, and are skilled in mining and metal work. The total number of the Igorot tribes is esti- mated at about 275,000. IGUALA (e-gwa'la), a town in Guer- rero, Mexico; pop. about 10,000. It is an industrial center. The so-called "Plan of Iguala" got its designation from this place. IGUANA (ig-wan'a), the typical ge- nus or the family Iguanidx. The teeth are three-lobed; the throat with a pendu- lous dewlap, the edge of which is toothed. The common American iguana is yel- lowish-green above, marbled with pure green, the tail ringed with brown. It has a crest of large dorsal spines. It is
