JACKSON 222 JACKSON made an attempt to explore the North Pole. During this journey he met Nan- sen, who was at that time returning from his attempt to reach the Pole. He made important researches in Franz Josef Land from 1894 to 1897. For his accomplishments here, he was awarded a gold medal by the Geographical So- ciety of Paris. He took part in the Boer War, reaching the rank of major. He wrote many books on the Arctic, includ- ing: "The Great Frozen Land" (1895); "A Thousand Days in the Arctic" (1899). JACKSON, HELEN MARIA FISKE HUNT, an American author; born in Amherst, Mass., Oct. 18, 1831; received p,n academic education ; she became inter- ested in improving the conditions of the Indians and was appointed a special commissioner to investigate the condition of the Mission Indians of California. She was the author of "Bits of Travel" (1872) ; "A Century of Dishonor" (1881) ; "The Hunter Cats of Connorola" (1884); "Ramona" (1884); "Zeph" (1886) ; etc. She died in San Francisco, Cal., Aug. 12, 1885. JACKSON, ADMIRAL SIR HENRY BRADWARDINE, a British naval officer; born in Barnsley, 1855. He en- tered the British Navy in 1868, and by 1896 had risen to the rank of captain. Fi-om 1897 to 1899, he acted as naval attache in various European capitals. In 1905 he was appointed Controller of the Navy, which office he held for three years. From 1908 to 1910 he was com- niander of the Sixth Cruiser Squadron in the Mediterranean, after which he was commander of the Royal Navy War Col- lege until 1913. From 1912 to 1914 he was Chief of the War Staff. After the outbreak of the European War he was, during 1915-1916, First Sea Lord of the Admiralty, and as such had considerable influence in the preparation of Great Britain's plans for operations against the German fleets. From 1916 till 1919 he was President of the Royal Navy Col- lege at Greenwich, after which he was appointed active fleet admiral of the British Navy, Admiral Jackson is known as one of the most progressive of the chief British naval commanders; he was the first to make use of the Hertz- ian waves for wireless telegraphy in the Royal Navy. JACKSON, SHELDON, an American educator; born in Minaville, N. Y., May 18, 1834; was graduated at Union Col- lege in 1855, and at Princeton Theologi- cal Seminary in 1858; ordained in the Presbyterian Churili; was missionary to Western Wisconsin and Southern Min- nesota in 1859-1869; Superintendent of Missions in Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, Utah, and Montana in 1870-1882; appointed to Alaska in 1877. He was made United States general agent for Alaska in 1885; introduced reindeer into that territory in 1891; special United States agent to influence Laplanders to colonize in Alaska in 1898. He is the author of "Alaska and Mis- sions on the North Pacific Coast" (1880); "Education in Alaska" (1881); annual reports on "Education in Alaska" from 1886; and annual reports or. the "Introduction of Domestic Reindeer into Alaska" (1891-1901) ; etc. He was mod- erator of the Presbyterion General As- sembly. In 1896 he gave $50,000 to the University of Utah. He died in 1909. JACKSON, THOMAS JONATHAN, an American military officer; born in Clarksburg, Va., Jan. 21, 1824; was grad- uated at the United States Military Academy in 1846; served through the STONEWALL" JACKSON Mexican War, winning promotions more rapidly than any other officer of his grade during that war. When the Civil War began, he was commissioned colonel in the Virginia forces; was placed in command of the Vii'ginia brigade; met the advance of General Patterson at Falling AVaters on July 2, 1861, gave the National force a decided check, and cap-
