JOHNSON 269 JOHNSON he was sent to the United States Senate, where he ably advocated and secured the passage of a homestead bill, which Presi- dent Buchanan vetoed. He ardently ad- vocated the Union cause, and was made military governor of Tennessee by Lin- coln in 1862, where he gave vigorous support to the Federal government. In 1864 was elected Vice-President, with Lincoln, and on the assassination of Lin- coln, in April, 1865, became President by succession. His administration was marked by constant dissension between himself and Congress, and he was im- peached before that body, for resisting the execution of the acts of Congress, and various alleged "high crimes and misdemeanors." The trial was presided over by Chief Justice Salmon P. Chase. A two-thirds vote necessary to convict could not be secured, and the trial failed (May 16, 1868). A change of one vote, however, would have carried conviction. When his term expired he retired to Tennessee, and in 1875 was elected to the United States Senate, but died July 31, of that year. JOHNSON, SURGES, an American writer; bom in Rutland, Vt., in 1877. He graduated, Amherst College, in 1899 and after several years of literary work he became literary adviser of G. P. Put- nam's Sons. He later occupied the same position with Harper & Bros. He was managing editor of the "Outing" Maga- zine in 1907 and 1908. He entered the publishing business in 1908 as president of the Thompson, Brown Co., and in 1913 was manager of the educational depart- ment of E. P. Button & Co. From 1915 he was assistant professor of English at Vassar College. He wrote several humorous books of prose and verse, in- cluding "Yearbook of Humor" (1910); "The Well of English and the Bucket' (1917). He contributed many articles to magazines. JOHNSON, BUSHROD RUST, an American military officer; born in Bel- mont CO., O., Oct. 7, 1817. He was graduated at the United States Military Academy in 1840. He saw service in the Florida and Mexican Wars, but resigned his commission in 1847, and was made professor in the Western Military Insti- tution of Kentucky, at Georgetown. He entered the Confederate army as a Brig- adier-General at the commencement of the^ Civil War, and in 1864 became a rnajor-general. He commanded a divi- sion under General Lee till the surrender at Appomattox Court House. He was afterward appointed superintendent of the Military College in the University of Vol. V- Nashville, and chancellor of that institu- tion. He died Sept. 11, 1880. JOHNSON, EASTMAN, an American painter; born in Lovell, Me., July 29, 1824. In 1849 he went to Dusseldorf, where he studied two years, and after- ward resided for four years at The Hague, where, besides numerous por- traits, he executed "The Savoyard" and the "Card Players." His favorite sub- jects are the American rustic and negro, and glimpses of domestic life, though later he devoted himself almost exclu- sively to portrait painting. He revisited Europe in 1885. Among his best works, many of which have been reproduced in chromo-lithography are "The Old Ken- tucky Home" (1859) ; "The Farmer's Sunday Morning" (1860); "The Village Blacksmith" (1864); "The Boyhood of Abraham Lincoln" (1867) ; "The Old Stage Coach" (1871); "The Wounded Drummer" (1872); "The Pedlar" (1873); "A Glass with the Squire" (1880) ; and "The Funding Bill" (1881). He painted portraits of Presidents Cleveland and Harrison. He died Apr. 6, 1906. JOHNSON, EDWIN S., United States Senator from South Dakota. Born in Indiana in 1857 he moved to South Da- kota and became a successful farmer. Interesting himself in politics he was elected by the Democrats of the State to serve on the National Democratic Com- mittee. Elected to the United States Senate for the term 1915-1921. JOHNSON, EMORY RICHARD, an American educator and economist, born in Waupun, Wis., in 1864. He graduated from the University of Wisconsin in 1888, and took post-graduate courses at the University of Pennsylvania. From 1893 to 1896 he was professor of economics at Haverford College and from the lat- ter year he was professor of transpor- tation and commerce at the University of Pennsylvania. In 1899 he acted as expert of transportation for the United States Industrial Commission. From 1899 to 1904 he was a member of the United States Isthmian Canal Commis- sion. He acted as expert of valuation of railroad property, and was a member of many commissions of public service. He also acted as arbJ^-rator in several disputes between railways and their em- ployees. In 1917 he was assistant di- rector of the Bureau of Transportation of the War Trade Board. He was a member of many economic societies. His writings on economic subjects in- clude "Ocean and Inland Water Trans- portation," (1906); "Railroad Traffic •Cyc— R
