LANGDON 413 LANGRES St. Andrew's University, and Balliol College, Oxford. He published several volumes of charming verse, also "Cus- tom and Myth" (1884) ; "Books and Bookmen" (1886); "Letters to Dead Authors" (1886); "Letters on Litera- ture" (1889); "Old Friends" (1890); "Life of Sir Stafford Northcote" (1890) ; "How to Fail in Literature" (1890) ; "Es- of Pilkem, Het Sas, and Steenstraate, with many prisoners and guns in April. From that time on it figured prominently in the battles around Ypres, which was one of the most stubbornly contested areas in the war. During the third battle of Ypres in August and September it was taken by the British. LANGENSALZA (lang'en-zalt-sa) , a town of the Prussian province of Saxony, 13 miles N. by W. of Gotha; has woolen and cloth manufactures. Here occurred, June 27, 1866, an encounter between 19,- 000 Hanoverians and 8,200 Prussians; the latter were at first defeated, but be- ing reinforced compelled the former to capitulate two days later. Not far from the town is a sulphur spring that at- tracts many visitors annually. Pop. about 13,000. LANGFORD, JOHN ALFRED, an English author; born in Birmingham, England, Sept. 12, 1823. He was a prominent educator and publicist in his native city. Among his works are : "Re- ligious Skepticism and Infidelity" (1850) ; "English Democracy" (1855) ; "Poems of the Fields and Town' (1859) ; and "Heroes and Martyrs, and Other Poems" (1890). Died 1903. LANGHOLM, a market-town of Dum- friesshire, Scotland, at the junction of Ewes and Wauchope Waters with the Esk 23 miles S. S. W. of Hawick; has manufactured shepherd's plaid and ANDREW LANG tweeds since 1832. In 1890 Thomas says in Little" (1891) ; "The Making of Hope, a New York merchant and native Religion" (1898); "Defense of Sir Wal- of Langholm, left $400,000 to found a ter Scott" (1910), etc. He contributed hospital here. On the site of the town to the best magazines and edited "Long- the Douglases were defeated in the battle man's Magazine." Died July 20, 1912. of Arkinholm (1455). LANGDON, STEPHEN HERBERT, a philologist. He was born at Mon- roe, Mich., in 1876, and educated at University of Michigan, Union Theologi- cal Seminary, and Columbia University. He studied also at Sorbonne and College de France, 1905-1907, and was ordained deacon in Paris, 1905. Studied at Leipzig 1907-1908, was professor in Assyriology at Oxford, 1908, and became British sub- ject in 1913. His works include: "An- nals of Ashurbanipal"; "Les Inscriptions du Wadi Brissa et du Nahr et Kelb"; "Babylonia and Palestine"; "The Sume- rian Epic of Paradise." LANGEMARCK, a village in Bel- gium, in West Flanders, 5 miles N. E. of Ypres. In the German campaign of 1915, it saw some of the first attacks in which the use of poison gas played a part, and as a result of such attacks was taken by the Germans with the villages LANGLEY, SAMUEL PIERPONT, an American physicist and astronomer; born in Boston, Mass., Aug. 22, 1834; was grraduated at the Boston High School; was Professor of Mathematics in the United States Naval Academy. He designed the system of railway-time serv- ice from observations which later came into general use; discovered an unknown extension of the invisible solar spectrum; and made numerous experiments to per- fect an aerial machine. He was the first to succeed in demonstrating the practicability of mechanical flight. He became secretary of the Smithsonian In- stitution in 1887. His publications in- clude "The New Astronomy"; "Re- searches on Solar Heat"; "Experiments in Aerodynamics"; "Internal Work of the Wind"; etc. He died Feb. 27, 1906. LANGRES (longr), a town in the French department of Haute-Marne; at Vol. V — Cyc— AA
