HOUSE 66 HOTJSMAN equal parts, six being above and six below the horizon. These divisions, or "houses," were numbered from 1 to 12, beginning with that which lay in the last immediately below the horizon. The first "house" was the "house" of life ; the second, of fortune or riches; the third, of brethren; the fourth, of relations; the fifth, of children; the sixth, of health; the seventh, of marriage; the eighth, of death, or the upper portal; the ninth, of religion; the tenth, of dignities; the eleventh, of benefactors; and the twelfth, of enemies or captivity. See Housing. HOUSE, EDWARD MAWDELL, an American statesman; born at Houston, Texas, in 1858, and graduated from Cor- nell University in 1881. He took an active part in Democratic party affairs in Texas and used all his influence to EDWARD MANDELL HOUSE bring about the nomination and election of President Wilson, being his close friend and advisor. During the World War President Wilson frequently sent him on important missions to the various belligerent powers and he became the "eyes and ears" of the President as far as European affairs were concerned. Appointed by the President a member of the United States Commission to negoti- ate peace with Germany, Col. House spent 1918 and 1919 in Europe. In the spring of 1920 he returned to the United States, but soon again set out on an important diplomatic mission to Europe. HOUSE ELY, in entomology, Musca domestica. The larvae are called mag- gots; they live in decaying animal mat- ter. HOUSELEEK {Sempervlvum tecto- rum, natural order Crasstdacese, a suc- culent plant, commonly to be met with on old walls. It bears purplish fiowers. HOUSING, a term which has acquired special significance in this country since the termination of the European War, on account of the scarcity of housing accom- modation, caused by the fact that con- struction had practically ceased; first, on account of the strong demand for labor in the war industries, and second, because of the high prices of building materials. This situation likewise re- sulted in a rise in rents, sometimes amounting to three or four hundred per cent, over pre-war rates. Many and various are the remedies that have been urged, both through government action and private initiative. One of these was a bill brought before Congress, in 1919, whereby it was proposed to extend sub- stantial loans to the building and loan associations throughout the country, so that these organizations might build homes on a non-profit basis. Another growing movement advocates the forma- tion of co-operative, or co-partnership, building societies, on the same principle as the garden city groups of England. Various States have also considered plans, or have put them into effect. The most notable of these is the law passed by the Legislature of North Dakota, in 1919, by which is established the North Dakota Housebuilders' Association, and which was granted an appropriation of $100,000 for working expenses, and $10,000,000 to be utilized in advancing funds for housebuilders on first mort- gages, on the principle of the building and loan associations. HOUSMAN, ALFRED EDWARD, a British classical scholar. He was born in 1859, and was educated at Broms- grove School and St. John's College, Ox- ford. In 1882-1892 he was Higher Divi- sion Clerk in the Government Patent Office, and in 1892-1911 Professor of Latin in University College, London. Since 1911 he has been Professor of Latin at Cambridge University and Fel- low of Trinity. His works include: "A Shropshire Lad"; "Manilius," Books I., II., III. (edited); "Juvenal" (edited); many papers in "Journal of Philology," "Classical Review," and "Classical Quarterly."
