MARIPOSA GROVE 126 MARITTS capture of Charleston, S. C, by the British, Marion, now an invalid, owing to the accidental breaking of a leg, was conveyed from place to place to avoid capture. But when he grew able for service, he gathered a band of young patriots about him, and formed that brig>.de which aftenvard became famous for its exploits. He disbanded his brigade in 1782. He died in Pond Bluff, S. C, Feb. 27, 1795. MARIPOSA GROVE, tract of land in Cal., famous for its sequoias. MARIS, JAKOB (ma'ris), a Dutch painter; born in The Hague, Aug. 25, 1837. He studied in France, and was one of the greatest modern Dutch painters of landscape and genre. He died in Carls- bad, Aug. 8, 1899. Less famous was his brother Matthijs (born 1839; settled in LfOndon), a genre painter; a younger brother Willem (1844-1910) was a land- scapist. MARITIME ALPS. See Alpss-Mari- TIMES. MARITIME LAW, the system of law governing the operations of navigation and trade on the sea or inland waters. The laws of the sea are largely based on practices that were in vogue on the Mediterranean in Roman times and grew into established usages during the period of medieval commerce. The ordinances, customs, and usages which received the recognition of the Hanseatic League, and the marine ordinances of Louis XIV., had great influence in determining the ship- ping laws that were to prevail in later times. in England maritime law has devel- oped from the decisions of the courts of admiralty jurisdiction, and these, with the decisions of the Federal courts of the United States, are the basis of the mari- time law of the United States. Damages committed in the course of trade and navigation on navigable waters are the proper subject matter of maritime law, an J the test for deciding whether a tort or common-law wrong is of a maritime nature is the place where the act has been committed. Maritime law may en- force contracts, and may give decisions in prize causes during time of war. MARITIME PROVINCE (Prhnors- kaya Oblast) , a province of Russia which, when it included Kamchatka Peninsula, Northern Sakhalin, and some islands, had an area of over 700,000 square miles. A rearrangement of boundaries resulted in this division — Primorskaya Province: area, 266,486 square miles; pop., 631,600. Kamchatka Province: area, 502,424 square miles; pop., 41,400. Sakhalin Province: area, 14,688 square miles; pop., 34,000. The entire area in ques- tion extends from Korea to the Arctic Ocean. Agriculture is carried on in Primorskaya Province, and the Amur and Usuri rivers afford excellent fish- ing for an increasing population. Capi- tal, Khabarovsk; chief city, Vladivostok. MARITZA (ma-ret'sa) (ancient He- brus), a river of European Turkey, rising in the Balkans, and flowing E. by S. past Philippopolis to Adrianople, where it bends and flows S. by W. to the Gulf of Enos in the ^gean ; length 270 miles ; it is navigable for small boats to Adrian- ople. MARIUPOL (ma-re-o'pol), the sea- port for the S. Russian coalfield, on the Sea of Azov, 65 miles W. of Taganrog; it was founded in 1779 by Greek emi- grants from the Crimea, and exports coal, wheat, linseed, etc. Pop. about 53,000. MARIUS, CAIUS (ma'ri-us), a Roman soldier; born near Arpinum, Italy, about 155 B. c. Having entered the army, he became known to Scipio Africanus, and acquired so much repute that he was elected tribune 119 or 120 B. c, praetor 116, and governor of Spain, 115. In 109 he joined Metellus as one of his lieuten- ants in the Jugurthine War, and two years afterward supplanted him in the command of the army. He brought the war to a close in 103, when Jugurtha, King of Numidia, was treacherously de- livered into his hands by his ally, Boc- chus. Marius remained in Africa a year longer, and was then recalled to take the field against the Cimbri and Teutones, at that time menacing the Roman empire. In 102 he defeated the combined forces of the Ambrones and Teutones, near Aix ; and in 101, having joined his forces with those of Catulus, he obtained an equally decisive victory over the Cimbri in the neighborhood of Vercellse. He was now hailed "The Third Founder of Rome" and rev/arded with a fifth consulate — followed by a sixth, which, it is said, was gained by corrupt practices. Marius was the avowed chief of the plebeians, and Sulla became chief of the patricians. The lat- ter, flushed with his recent success against the army of Mithridates, refused to yield the command to Marius, but marched against his party in the capital and disputed the city street by street. Marius was defeated, and finally lodged in prison. He escaped and sought refuge in Africa, from whence, in 87 b. c, he was recalled by Cinna, at that time con- sul, to take arms against his old adver- sary. The combined forces of Marius, Cinna, Sertorius, and Carbo soon en-
