LTJDWIG 33 LUKE and San Juan Hill. He was promoted Major-General of volunteers, Sept. 7, 1898; was military governor of Havana, from Dec. 12, 1898, to May 1, 1900; promoted Brigadier-General, U. S. A., Jan. 21, 1900; and appointed president of the War College Board, May 1, 1900. He was the author of "Exploration of the Black Hills and Yellowstone Coun- try" and several military reports. He died Aug. 30, 1901. LUDWIG. See Louis. LUDWIGSBTTRG (lod'vigs-borG) , a town of Wiirttemberg, 8 miles N. of Stuttgart; formerly the second royal residence, and one of the principal gar- rison towns; has a military school and a castle, with picture gallery and splendid gardens. It grew up round a hunting castle founded in 1704 by Duke Eber- hard Ludwig. It was the birthplace of D. F. Strauss, Justinus Kerner, Moricke, and Friedrich Vischner. Fop. about 25,000. LUDWIGSHAFEN (-ha-fen), a town of the Bavarian Palatinate, on the Rhine, opposite Mannheim; has grown rapidly owing to its manufactures (soda, aniline dyes, wagons, machinery, bridge mate- rial, fertilizers, etc.), and its trade in iron, timber, coal, and agricultural prod- ucts. It was granted town rights in 1859. Pop. about 85,000. LUFBERY, RAOUL SERVAIS, Amer- ican aviator; born in 1884 and spent his early years in New Haven, Conn. His mother died when he was young and he was adopted by a family at Bourges, France. At 13 he ran away and wan- dered in Egypt, Tripoli, and elsewhere, turning his hand to many trades. In Asia he met the aviator Marc Pompe, who trained him as assistant. Enlisted in World War under French flag, deco- rated with Legion of Honor, March, 1917, after bringing down 6 enemy ma- chines. Killed in 1918 near Toul in com- bat with German biplane, after bringing down 16 airplanes in all. LUGANO (16-ga'n5), a town in the Swiss canton of Ticino, on the N. W. shore of Lake Lugano, 49 miles N. by W. from Milan; is in appearance thor- oughly Italian, villas studding the lower slopes of the hills embosomed in vine- yards, olive and orange groves, chestnut and walnut woods; the church of Santa Maria degli Angioli has interesting works of art by Luini; and an impor- tant cattle fair is held here in October. Mazzini and the Italian patriots made Lugano their headquarters for some time after 1848. From Monte Salvatore (2,982 feet), in the viciijity, a magnifi- cent view may be obtained. Pop. about 14,000. LUGANO, LAKE OF, also called Ceresio (che-ra'ze-o), a sheet of water at the S. foot of the Alps, 889 feet above sea-level; length, 14^/4 miles; average breadth, IV^ miles; area, 18% square miles. The depth varies very greatly, the maximum being 945 feet, while the average is only about 246 feet. The lake is provided with steamboats. LUGANSK, Russia, a town on the Lugan, 240 miles E. of Ekaterinoslav. It was important before the World War as one of the larger manufacturing cen- ters of the Donetz Basin, its iron foun- dries being over a hundred years old. Pop. about 60,000. LUGDUNUM, the ancient name of Lyons and of Leyden. LUGGER, a small vessel, carrying two or three masts with a lugsail on each, and a running bowsprit, on which are set two or three jibs. LUGO (lo'go) (Lucus Augusti of the Romans), capital of a province in the N. W. of Spain, situated on the Miitho, 72 miles by rail S. E. of Corunna; has a cathedral built in 1129-1177, and manufactures of linen and leather; is still surrounded with old walls, high and thick, with towers; and was celebrated as early as the time of the Romans for its warm sulphur baths. Pop. about 35,000. Also the province, a mountain- ous but agricultural region, drained by the Minho and its tributary the Sil, and rich in minerals that are but little ex- tracted; area, 3,814 square miles; pop. about 500,000. LUGO, a town of Italy, 18 miles W. of Ravenna; has a trade in corn, hemp, wine, and a celebrated fair (all Sep- tember). Pop. about 30,000. LUGOS, a city of Hungary, the capital of the county of Krasso-Szoreny. It is on the river Temes. Prior to the war, the vineyards were extensively cultivated and wine was the principal export. There were also manufactures of lumber, linen and silk. Pop. about 20,000. LUGSAIL, a four-cornered sail bent to a yard, which is slung at a point two- thirds of its length from the peak. LUIZ. See Louis. LUKE^ a New Testament evangelist. In Col. iv: 14, he is called "Luke the be- loved physician." In Philemon he is called Lucas, and described as one of St. Paul's fellow-laborers, and when "Paul
