reclamation of land. Advocated the free coinage of silver; was elected a Democrat on the silver issue to the House of Representatives 1893-1903. Re-elected Senator 1909-1914. The Newlands' Act of 1913 provides means of mediation and arbitration in controversies on railway wages. In 1914 Senator Newlands took a leading part in framing the Interstate Trade Commerce Act. Died in 1917.
NEW LEON, or NUEVO LEON (nūā-vē lā-ōn), an inland State of Mexico; area, 25,032 square miles. It is mountainous but fertile, and lead, gold, silver, and salt are worked; capital Monterey, about 75,000. Fop. about 380,000.
NEW LONDON, a city, port of entry, and one of the county-seats of New London co., Conn., on the Thames river, 3 miles from Long Island Sound, and on the New England, the New York, New Haven and Hartford, and the Central Vermont railroads; 50 miles E. of New Haven. Here are the New London County Historical Society Library, public library, hospital, parks, Connecticut College for Women, and Naval School of Instruction, United States naval station, electric street railroads, electric lights, National and State banks, daily and weekly newspapers, and water-works. It has woolen mills, silk mills, iron foundry, sewing-silk mill, cotton-gins, lumber mills, hardware works, copper tube works, oil-engine works, and printing press works. New London is protected by Forts Trumbull and Griswold. The latter was the scene of a massacre in 1781, which is commemorated by a shaft 127 feet high. Pop. (1910) 19,659; (1920) 25,688.
NEWMAN, ALLEN GEORGE, American sculptor; born in New York in 1875. Studied at the Academy of Design. Devoted himself almost entirely to monumental work, some of the best examples of which are: “The Triumph of Peace,” Atlanta, Ga.; “The Hiker,” the figure of a soldier commemorating the Spanish-American war; “Memorial to the Women of the South,” Jacksonville, Fla. He has also executed monuments of noted persons: Hendrik Hudson, New York. General Sherman, Scranton, Pa. General Oates, Montgomery, Ala. General Price, Keytesville, Mo.
NEWMAN, JOHN HENRY; born in London, England, Feb. 21, 1801; was ordained in 1824, and in the following year his friend Dr. Whately having been appointed head of St. Alban's Hall, Newman was by him selected as his vice principal. He was one of the most active in commencing and carrying on the so-called Oxford movement—the great object of which was to counteract as well the Romanizing as the dissenting tendencies of the time, by restoring and bringing into notice what Newman and his friends believed to be the catholic character of the English Church. With this view he commenced, in 1833, the series known as the “Oxford Tracts,” to which he was himself one of the chief contributors; and in 1838 he also became editor of the “British Critic.” In October, 1845, he was admitted into the Roman Catholic Church, a step which was immediately followed by the publication of a work on the “Development of Christian Doctrine.” Soon afterward he went to Rome, where, after some preparation, he was admitted to orders in the Roman Catholic Church; and in 1848, on his return to England, he established a branch of the Congregation of the Oratory of St. Philip Neri, of which he was himself appointed the superior. In 1852 he was appointed rector of the Catholic University established in Dublin; and in 1879 he was made a cardinal by Pope Leo XIII. Newman was an opponent of ultramontanism. Among his works written after 1845 were “Callista,” a tale; “Apology for my Life,” “Essay on Assent,” “History of Arianism,” etc. Several of his hymns are well known, particularly “Lead, Kindly Light,” He died Aug. 11, 1890.
NEWMARKET, a market-town, lying on the border of Suffolk and Cambridgeshire, England, 14 miles E. N. E. of Cambridge. It chiefly consists of one long street, and contains an unusual number of hotels and fine private houses, belonging to the great patrons of the turf. Among the principal edifices are the Jockey Club. The town owes its prosperity to its horseraces, as old at least as 1605. The race ground on Newmarket Heath, to the W., is one of the very finest in the world. There are eight annual meetings, the principal events being the Thousand Guineas at Easter and the Cesarewitch in October. Newmarket is known as the racing capital of England. Pop. about 11,000.
NEW MECKLENBURG, an island formerly known as New Ireland (q. v.), in the Bismarck archipelago, 350 miles N. E. of New Guinea. It has an area of about 5,000 square miles, consisting chiefly of mountains. Little is known of the interior. It is very thinly populated.
NEW MEXICO, a State in the Western Division of the North American Union; bounded by Colorado, Oklahoma,
