PANIC 103 PANTHEON body; legs short, ears very small, tongue long and vermicular, to which ants are held fast by the copious flow of saliva with which it is lubricated. There are seven species. PANIC, a sudden flight or alarm, es- pecially one without any real cause or ground; sudden flight or terror inspired by some trifling cause. A commercial panic, a panic produced in commercial circles. When such a panic takes place a run commences on the banks, the price of securities falls, and other abnormal commercial conditions ensue. PANICLE, in botany, a kind of in- florescence, in which the flowers are ar- ranged on the lengthened axis, with branched peduncles and leng:thened cen- tripetal clusters of flowers. PANIPAT, a town of the Punjab, In- dia; 53 miles N. of Delhi, near the old bank of the Jumna, and on the great military road of northern India between Afghanistan and the Punjab. The first great battle of the Panipat was fought in 1526, when Baber, at the head of 12,000 Mongols, defeated the army, 100,000 strong, of the Emperor of Delhi. The second in 1556 by the Mongols under Akbar, grandson of Baber, and third of the Mogul emperors, against Hemu, an Indian general of the Afghan Sher Shah, the latter being defeated. The third bat- tle was fought Jan. 7, 1761, between Ahmed, ruler of Afghanistan, and the till then inAancible Mahrattas, suffered a total defeat and great slaughter. Manufactures copper utensils, cloth, blankets, hardware, silver and glass ornaments. Pop. about 35,000. PANKHTJRST, CHRISTABEL, daughter of Emmeline Pankhurst; born in 1882, at Manchester, where she graduated in 1906 from Victoria University as LL. B. She seconded her mother's militant tactics in the work for women's suffrage in Great Britain, and from 1905 onward addressed public meetings, and heckled cabinet ministers with the result that she was frequently imprisoned. In 1912 she fled to Paris, and from there edited the "Suffragette." She lectured in the United States in 1914-1915, and wrote a book, "The Great Scourge and How to End It." In 1919 she made an un- successful attempt to get in Parliament. In 1920 she visited Russia, and spoke in sympathy for the Bolshevist Government. PANKHURST, EMMELINE (nee GOTJLDEN), English suffrage leader. F^^e was born in 1858 at Manchester, England, and in 1879 married Dr. Rich- 'ird M. Pankhurst, who died in 1898. She had always worked for woman's suffrage, but first came into prominence at the elections of 1906, when she and other women endeavored to break up public meetings and to fire public build- ings. As a result of these activities she and other suffragettes were sent to jail, but they resorted to the hunger strike and had to be released. In 1913 she escaped to lecture in the United States, and when the war broke out ended mili- tant tactics and aided the government. The result was the admission of women to the vote at the close of the war, a measure for which Mrs. Pankhurst re- ceived the chief credit. In 1919-1920 she again visited the United States. PANNONIA, a large extent of coun- try in Europe, bounded on the N. by the Danube, S. by Illyricum and Mcesia, E. by the Danube, and W. by Noricum, in- habited by Celtic tribes and including the parts now known as Hungary and the Republic of Austria. It was attacked by the Romans, under Octovianus, 35 B. c, and made a Roman province by Tiberius in 8. It was ceded to the Huns by Theodosius II. about 447, came into the hands of the Ostrogoths at the death of Attila in 453, and to the Longobardi (527-565), from whom it passed to the Avari in 568. The Ungri, or Hunga- rians, settled here in 889 ; and from them a large part of Pannonia received the name of Hungary. PANTELLARIA, a volcanic island in the Mediterranean, 36 miles in circum- ference, and lying 60 miles S. W. of the Sicilian coast. In the chief town (Pan- tellaria) is a great convict prison. PANTHEISM, the view that God and the universe are identical. It was taught in India in the Vedantic system of phil- osophy, one of the six leading schools of thought, and to this day it is widely accepted, both by the instructed Brah- mans and by the common people. In the latter part of the 12th century it was taught by Almaric of Chartres, a dialec- tician and theologian. Pope Innocent III. forced him to recant his views. By many Spinoaa is considered to have re- vived pantheism, but his teaching in this respect has been misunderstood (see Spinoza). In the pantheism of Schell- ing God is considered as the Absolute Being, revealing Himself in external nature and in human intelligence and freedom. PANTHEON, a famous temple at Rome, built by M. Agrippa, son-in-law of Augustus, about 27 B. C, and dedi- cated to Mars and Jupiter the Avenger, in memory of the victory obtained by
