OCHRE O'CONNELL OCHRE, a combination of peroxide of iron with water; but the name is gener- ally applied to clays colored with the ox- ides of iron obtained from the ferrugin- ous mud separated from tin and copper ores ; and it is also found in natural beds some feet thick. Ochres vary in color from a pale sandy yellow to a brownish red. OCHS, ABOLPH S., an American newspaper publisher, born in Cincinnati, O., 1858; educated in the public schools of Knoxville, Tenn., where, after finish- ing his schooling, he began his business career by selling newspapers. Later he apprenticed himself to a printer and be- came a compositor on a local newspaper. In 1878 he ventured into the newspaper publishing field himself, acquiring owner- ship of the Chattanooga "Times," of which he is still the proprietor. In 1896 he purchased the New York "Times." He was also a director of the Associated Press. C H T M A N, LEONARD. Artist. Born at Zonnemaire, Zeeland, Holland, 1854, he was brought by his family to the United States at the age of 12 to re- side at Albany, N. Y. His first work was a draughtsman in an engn*aving of- fice, after which he had a studio for a couple of years, developing his talent in landscapes. He studied also for a time at the N. Y. Art Student's League, later traveling in Europe. Since 1882 he has exhibited at the National Acad- emy of Design and elsewhere, and won many awards, including two gold medals at St. Louis. His moonlight scenes such as "Night on the Miamee River" are among his best. OCLAWAHA ("crooked water"), a river of Florida, which after a very wind- ing course of 275 miles flows into the St, John, about 25 miles S. of Palatka. Its banks are densely wooded, and the coun- try so flat that the waters extend into the forest for a distance on either side. OCMUXGEE, a river rising in the cen- tral part of Georgia, running in a S. S. E. direction, passing the town of Macon, and ultimately uniting with the Oconee to form the Altamaha river, length about 200 miles. OCONEE, a river in Georgia, which rises in Hall co., and unites with the Oc- mulgee_ to form the Altamaha at Col- quitt; is navigable about 100 miles. O'CONNELL, DANIEL, called The Liberator of Ireland and The Great Agitator, an Irish patriot; born in County Kerry, Ireland, Aug. 6, 1775. Educated at the Roman Catholic College of St. Omer, and the Irish seminary at Douay, a student of Lincoln's Inn, Lon- don, in 1794; was admitted to the bar in 1798; and speedily rose to a large and lucrative practice. In 1809, he became popularly known by his fervent advocacy of Catholic emancipation. In 1815, hav- ing in one of his diatribes stigmatized the corporation of Dublin as "beggarly," he was challenged by Alderman D'Esterre, and a hostile meeting took place in which the latter fell. He sat in the British DANIEL O'CONI^ILL House of Commons in 1828-1841, and be- came Lord Mayor of Dublin in 1841. The return of the Conservatives to power was the signal for renewed politi- cal agitation. Repeal of the Union was the object sought, and O'Connell headed the movement. A monster meeting to be held at Clontarf, Oct. 8, 1843, was estopped by the government, and O'Con- nell sentenced to pay a fine of $10,000, and to be imprisoned one year. This judgment was shortly after reversed by the House of Lords, The return of the Whigs to power in 1846, and O'Connell's avowed adherence to that party, brought him into unpopularity and he retired from public life. He wrote "Memoirs of Ireland." He died in Genoa, Italy, May 15, 1847. O'CONNELL. DENNIS JOSEPH. American ecclesiastic. He was born at Charleston, S. C, and was educated at St. Charles' Seminary and St. Mary's College in his native city, and also in
