PELOPONNESUS 165 PEMBKOKE COLLEGE treatment was not distinguished by the most terrible hardships or tortures which other more illustrious persons have un- dergone, but it tells a tale of solitude, of patient endurance, and of pleasing senti- ments. Released by the amnesty of 1830, he found shelter at Turin, and was em- ployed as librarian in the house of the Marchesa Barolo till he died. His im- prisonment had ruined his health, and he took no further part in politics. He died in 1854. PELOPONNESUS, the ancient name of the Morea. Among its most impor- tant cities were Sparta in Laconia, and Argos the capital of Argolis. Sparta acquired, after the Messenian war, a de- cided supremacy over the other states, and disputed the supremacy with Athens in a war of almost 30 years' duration (431-404 B. C.) — the famous Peloponne- sian War, of which the history has been written by Thucydides. After the Ro- man conquest, the Peloponnesus formed part of the province of Achaia, and sub- sequently belonged to the Byzantine em- pire. PELOPS, in Greek mythology, the grand-son of Zeus, and the son of Tanta- lus, was slain by his father, and served up at an entertainment which he gave to the gods, in order to test their omnis- cience. They were not deceived, and would not touch the horrible food; but Demeter, absorbed with grief for the loss of her daughter, ate part of a shoulder without observing. The gods then com- manded the members to be thrown into a cauldron, out of which Clotho brought the boy again alive, and the want of the shoulder was supplied by an ivory one. According to the legend, Pelops was a Phrygian, who, being driven by Ilos from Sipylos, came with great treasures to the peninsula which derived from him the name of Peloponnesus, married Hippo- damia, obtained her father's kingdom by conquering him in a chariot race, and became the father of Atreus, Thyestes, and other sons. PELVIS, the lower portion of the great abdominal cavity, bounded by the abdomen above, the perineum below, the peritoneum, muscles, and fascia in front, below, and at the side; and the sacral plexus of nerves and the sacrum behind. It contains the bladder, prostate gland, vesiculas seminales, and rectum. It is composed of the two ossa innominata, the sacrum and the coccyx. There are marked differences in the male and fe- male pelvis; that of the male is the stronger, vdth a deeper and much nar- rower cavity ; that of the female is much shallower and more widely expanded. PEMBA, a coral island off the E. coast of Africa, in British East Africa, Zanzibar Protectorate, 50 miles N. E. of Zanzibar Island; area, 372 square miles. There are numerous bays on the E. coast; on one of them stands the chief port, Chaka. Pop. (1917) 9,000. The trade is in cattle, rice, cloves, and ebony. It was transferred by the Sultan of Zan- zibar to the British East African Com- pany in 1891. Capital, Weti. Pop. (1917) 83,130. PEMBERTON, a town in the county of Lancashire, England, two miles S. W. of Wigan. It has important manu- factures, including cotton, chemicals and iron products. There are extensive coal mines and stone quarries in the vicinity. Pop. about 25,000. PEMBERTON, MAX, an English novelist. He was born in 1863 in Bir- mingham, was educated at Cambridge, and in 1885 began writing for "Vanity Fair" and other journals. His first ro- mance, "The Iron Pirate," appeared in 1893. Since then he has written: "Queen of the Jesters"; "The Garden of Swords"; "F^o"; "House Under the Sea"; "Beatrice of Venice"; "My Sword for Lafayette"; "The Show Girl"; "Cap- tain Black"; "The Lady Evelyn"; and "Garrick" (a play). PEMBROKE, the county-town of Pem- brokeshire, Wales; on a navigable creek of Milford Haven, 114 miles W. by N. of Cardiff. On the extremity of the ridge on which the town is built stands Pem- broke Castle, founded in 1904 by Ar- nulf de Montgomery, a very imposing ruin. The birthplace of Henry VII., this castle in 1648 was taken by Crom- well after a six weeks' siege. Monktown Priory, with its roofless decorated choir, is another interesting structure. Pem- broke for more than four centuries has given the title of earl to the House of Herbei't. At Pembroke Dock, or Pater, 2% mile N. W., is the naval dockyard and arsenal, established in 1814. Pop about 90,000. PEMBROKE COLLEGE, one of the colleges included in Cambridge Univer- sity, England. It was founded in 1347 by the widow of the earl of Pembroke. Henry VI. endowed the college with nu- merous gifts during the years 1440-1450. The college buildings are mostly of the 18th century, although they were almost entirely rebuilt in 1874. The foundation consists of a master, and thirteen fel- lows, and a number of scholarships, most of which have been established after the foundation. Many noted names in Eng- lish history are associated with Fern-
