PHILADELPHIA ACADEMY 219 PHILIP in-Chief of the American army in the State House on June 15, 1775. Here also the Declaration of Independence was adopted July 4, and proclaimed July 8, 1776. The city was occupied by the British from September, 1777, to June, 1778. A battle was fought at German- town on Oct. 4, 1777. In the summer of 1787 delegates from the various States met in the State House, and framed the Constitution. PHILADELPHIA ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, an association formed to promote the study of natural sciences, discuss subjects of scientific in- terest and encourage research in the physical sciences. For the latter purpose the Jessup Foundation has sufficient funds to provide free tuition for younger investigators interested in the sciences. The museum maintained by the society is reputed to possess the finest collection of shells in the world, and has many numerous and valuable collections of birds and fossils. The library of 80,000 volumes contains the records and pro- ceedings of all the learned societies in Europe and America which have been published since the foundation of the society in 1812. Since 1817 the Philadel- phia society has published a "Journal" and since 1841 its "Proceedings." PHILADELPHIANS, a mystic sect emphasizing "brotherly love" (Greek Philadelphia), founded in London in 1652 under the influence of Boehme by Dr. John Pordage (1608-1698) and Mrs. Leade and others. It had for a time a branch in Holland, but disappeared early in the 18th century. PHIL.ffi, an island in the Nile, near Assuan and S. of Syene, in Nubia. It is a small granite rock, fringed with rich verdure, about 1,200 feet long and 450 broad, almost covered with ancient build- ings of great architectural beauty and interest, though not of very ancient date. That to the E., a hypasthral or roofless hall, commonly called "Pharaoh's bed," belongs to the Greek and Roman period, and consists of 14 great columns with capitals of various patterns, connected at the lower part by solid walls; the length is 63 feet, the width 48. The great temple of Isis, to whom the island was sacred, was mainly built by Ptolemy Epiphanes, and continued by his suc- cessors, especially by Ptolemy III., Euer- getes. To the N. stood the great propy- lon or gateway, 60 feet high and over 120 wide. This is the oldest part of the temple, and bears the name of Nectanebes II. (about 361 B. c). The temple proper contains representations of the story of Osiris, his birth, bringing up, death. The building of the Assuan Dam has partially submerged the island. PHILEMON, a member of the Colos- sian church (Col. ii : 7; iv: 9, 11, 14, Phil. 2, 10, 23, 24). The Epistle of Paul to Philemon: An epistle of Paul, in con- junction with Timothy, (i: 1), to Phile- mon, whose runaway slave, Onesimus, had come to Rome, and been converted by the apostles while the latter was a pris- oner (i: 10), and advanced in years (9). Onesimus was most useful to his spiritual father (13), who, however, would not re- tain him, unless with his master's per- mission (14). He, therefore, sent him back, carrying the epistle with him, and counseling Philemon to receive him back now as a brother beloved (16). Antici- pating his speedy release, he also re- quested Philemon to prepare him a lodg- ing (22). The epistle seems to have been written in A. D. 63 or 64. Its genuine- ness is generally admitted. PHILEMON AND BAUCIS, in classic mythology, a married pair, remarkable for their mutual love. Jupiter and Mer- cury, wandering through Phrygia in human form, were refused hospitality by everyone, till this aged pair took them in, washed their feet, and gave them such humble fare as they could provide. On going away, the gods took them with them to a neighboring mountain, on look- ing from which they saw their village covered with a flood, but their own cot- tage changed into a splendid temple. Jupiter permitted them to make any re- quest they chose, but they only asked to be servants of his temple, and that they might die at the same time. When, ac- cordingly, they were seated at the door of the temple, being now of great age, they were changed, Philemon into an oak, and Baucis into a linden. PHILHARMONIC SOCIETY, a mu- sical organization established in London, in 1813, welcomed Mendelssohn to Eng- land in 1829 and again in 1844, The New Philharmonic was founded in 1852. The Philharmonic Society of New York dates from 1842. PHILIP, one of the 12 apostles, ac- cording to John's Gospel, "of Bethsaida, the city of Andrew and Peter," and who was called to follow Jesus at Bethany. After the resurrection he was present at the election of Matthias to the apostle- ship, but it is not again mentioned. In the Western Church he is commemorated May 1. Philip the Evangelist, often confounded with the above, is first men- tioned in Acts vi: 5. He preached at Sm3rrna.
