came part of the territory of the United States. The Ohio Company, organized in New England in 1787, composed of men who had served in the Revolutionary War, purchased from the government a large tract N. of the Ohio, paying for it in Continental currency. The first permanent settlement was made at Marietta in 1788. Cincinnati was founded soon after, and the settlement of the S. section of the territory progressed rapidly. In 1791 the Indian became stirred up by the encroachments of the whites, and a war ensued, which at first proved disastrous to the United States troops, but was finally ended in victory by General Wayne, in 1794. In the treaty of peace that followed, the Indians ceded a large section of territory, in which several new towns were quickly established. Ohio formed part of the Northwest Territory till 1800, when it was organized as a separate Territory, Chillicothe being made the seat of government. In 1802 a constitution was adopted for the “Eastern Division of the Territory N. W. of the Ohio,” under the name of Ohio, and it was formally admitted into the Union on Feb. 19, 1803. Steamboat navigation on the Ohio began in 1812; excavation of the State canals began in 1825, and was completed in 1844; and the first railroad, begun in 1837, was opened to traffic by 1842. Ohio took an active part in the Civil War, and since the war has given seven Presidents to the Union—Grant, Hayes, Garfield, Harrison, McKinley, Taft, and Harding, all born in this State.
OHIO, a river of the United States, called by the French explorers, after its Indian name, la Belle Rivière (The Beautiful River), next to the Missouri the largest affluent of the Mississippi. It is formed by the union of the Allegheny and Monongahela at Pittsburgh, Pa., and flows W. S. W. 950 miles, with a breadth of 400 to 1,400 yards, draining, with its tributaries, an area of 214,000 square miles. In its course it separates the States of Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois from the States of West Virginia and Kentucky. The principal towns on its banks are Pittsburgh, Wheeling, Cincinnati, Louisville (where there are rapids of 22 feet in a mile, with a steamboat canal), Evansville, New Albany, Madison, Portsmouth, Covington, and Cairo. The river's principal affluents are the Tennessee, Cumberland, Wabash, Kentucky, Great Kanawha, Green, Muskingum and Scioto. It is usually navigable from Pittsburgh.
OHIO, ARMY OF THE, a division of the Federal army in the Civil War; organized in 1861-1862 by General Buell; afterward came under the command of General Rosecrans and was called the Army of the Cumberland. A second department of the Ohio was formed, and was also in 1865 incorporated in the Army of the Cumberland.
OHIO NORTHERN UNIVERSITY, an institution under the auspices of the Methodist Episcopal Church situated at Ada, Ohio. Two normal schools consolidated in 1885 under the name of the Ohio Normal University. This institution was purchased by the Methodists in 1898, and re-chartered under the name of the Ohio Northern University. It is a coeducational institution, having a preparatory, normal, and college department. The college is in session all but four weeks in the year. In 1915 two new buildings were erected, bringing the total value of the grounds and builoings close to a million dollars. In 1919 there were 480 students and 28 instructors. President, A. E. Smith.
OHIO, UNIVERSITY OF, a coeducational non-sectarian institution in Athens, O.; founded in 1804; reported at the close of 1900: Professors and instructors, 96; students, 3,957; president, Alston Ellis, Ph.D.
OHIO WESLEYAN UNIVERSITY, a coeducational institution in Delaware, O.; founded in 1844 under the auspices of the Methodist Episcopal Church; reported at the close of 1919: Professors and instructors, 78; number of students, 1,250; president, J. W. Hoffman, D.D. The university includes a college of liberal arts, a school of music, oratory, business, medicine, etc.
OHM, or OHMAD, in electromagnetics, the unit of resistance. It is 10⁹ C. G. S. units of resistance, and is the same as the value of one earth-quadrant per second.
OHM'S LAW, in electricity, a law enunciated by Professor Ohm, in 1827, for determining the quantity of electromotive force in a voltaic battery. It is that the intensity of the current in a voltaic current is equal to the electromotive force divided by the resistance.
OHNET, GEORGES, a French novelist; born in Paris, France, April 3, 1848; studied law, and after practicing some time as an advocate took to journalism, and later to literature proper. Under the general title of “The Battle of Life” he published a series of novels dealing with social questions, which enjoyed great popularity. The first of this cycle of romances was “Serge Panine” (1881), quickly followed by “The Ironmaster”
