PLUTO 279 PLYMOUTH BBETHREN PLUTO, in mythology, the son of Saturn and Ops, inherited his father's kingdom with his brothers, Jupiter and Neptune. He received as his share the infernal regions. All the goddesses re- fused to marry him; but, on seeing Pros- erpine, the daughter of Ceres, gathering flowers in the plains of Enna, in Sicily, be became enamored of her, and imme- diately carried her away. Black vic- tims, and particularly a bull, were the only sacrifices offered to him. The dog Cerberus watched at his feet, the har- pies hovered around him, Proserpine sat on his left, and the Parcae occupied his right hand. Pluto is called by some the father of the Eumenides. PLUTONIC ROCKS, rocks of igneous or aqueo-igneous origin, believed to have been formed at a great depth and under great pressure of the superincumbent rocks, or in some cases, perhaps, of the ocean. They have been melted, and cooled very slowly so as to permit them to crystallize. Under the plutonic rocks are comprehended granites, syenites, and some porphyries, diorite, tonalite, and gabbro. They belong to all the leading geological periods, even the Tertiary. PLUVIOSE, the name adopted, in Oc- tober, 1793, by the French Convention for the fifth month of the republican year. It commenced on Jan. 20, and was the second winter month. PLYMOUTH, a seaport, municipal and parliamentary borough of England, in Devonshire, at the head of Plymouth Sound, between the estuaries of the Pljrra and Tamar. Taken in its largest sense, it comprehends what are called the "Three Towns," or Devonport on the W., Stonehouse in the center, and Plymouth proper on the E. The older parts of the town consist of narrow and irregular streets devoid of architectural beauty, but the newer parts and suburbs display an abundance of elegant buildings. The guild hall, a Gothic building, is the finest modern edifice (1870-1874), and has a ';ower nearly 200 feet high. The citadel, an obsolete fortification built by Charles II,, is another object of interest. Ply- mouth is well defended both by land and sea, by a series of forts of exceptional strength provided with heavy ordnance. The manufactures are not very exten- sive, and chiefly connected with ships' stores; but the fisheries are valuble, and Plymouth has a large export and coast- ing trade. Its chief importance lies in its position as a naval station. Thanks to extensive and sheltered harbors,^ Ply- mouth rose from a mere fishing village to the rank of foremost port of England under Elizabeth, and is now as a naval port second only to Portsmouth To secure safe anchorage in the sound a stupendous breakwater has been con- structed at a cost of about $10,000,000. The Western Harbor, or the Hamoaze (mouth of the Tamar), is specially de- voted to the royal navy, and here (in Devonport, which see) are the dock- yard, and Keyham steam yard; the vic- tualling yard, marine barracks, and naval hospital being in Stonehouse. The mercantile marine is accommodated in the Eastern Harbor, the Catwater (200 acres), or estuary of the Plym, and in Sutton Pool, and the Great Western Docks in Mill Bay. In the World War (1914-1918) Plymouth was a naval base for operations against the enemy, and port of entry for the Canadian and other expeditionary forces. Pop. (1917) 179,395. PLYMOUTH, a town and county-seat of Plymouth co., Mass.; on Plymouth Bay, and on the New York, New Haven, and Hartford railroad; 37 miles S. E. of Boston. The town has electric lights, water works, electric street railroads, court house, public library. National and savings banks, and several daily and weekly newspapers. It has a large in- dustry in cod fish, and manufactures of cordage, cotton, ducks, woolen and cotton goods, zinc, steel and iron products, coop- erage, etc. Plymouth is of importance as the spot where the Pilgrim Fathers landed on Dec. 21, 1620. A portion of the rock on which they first stepped has been placed in front of Pilgrim Hall, in which are preserved old books, paintings, pictures, and other valuable relics. The rock itself is in Water Street, and is covered by a handsome granite canopy. Plymouth also has the National monu- ment, 81 feet high, erected to the Pil- grims at a cost of $200,000, and dedi- cated in 1889. There are also statues of Faith, Morality, Law, Fi^edom, and Ed- ucation. Pop. (1910) 12,141; (1920) 13,045. PLYMOUTH, a borough of Pennsyl- vania, in Luzerne co. It is on the Sus- quehanna river and on the Delaware, Lackawanna, and Western railroad. ^ It is the center of an important coal mining and coal trading region. Its industries include the manufacture of mining drill machines, hosiery, silk, lumber products, etc. Pop. (1910) 16,996; (1020) 16.500. PLYMOUTH BRETHREN, a body which arose almost simultaneously in Dublin and Plymouth, about 1830, and, as they called themselves "The Breth- ren," outsiders came to know them as "Plymouth Brethren" from the town where they had fixed their headciuarters
