POWERS 333 POZZUOLI figures 2, 3j 4^ etc., denoting the powers of the quantities, are called exponents or indices. Powers which have fractional and negative indices are termed frac- tional and negative powers respectively. In mechanics : That which produces motion or force; that which communi- cates motion to bodies, changes the mo- tion of bodies, or prevents the motion of bodies; a mechanical agent or power. Force or effect considered as resulting from the action of a machine. In law: (1) A term employed to denote a reservation to either party in a cove- nant enabling him to do certain acts regarding the property conveyed. (2) An authority given by one party to another to act for him or to do certain acts, as to make leases, etc. In optics, the magnifying or diminish- ing capacity of any lens or set of lenses. By ellipsis the word is used for the lens itself. POWERS, HIRAM, an American sculptor; born in Woodstock, Vt., July 29, 1805. While still a boy he went to Cincinnati, O., where he became an apprentice to a clockmaker. Subse- quently he was employed for seven years making wax figures and fitting them with machinery for the Cincinnati museum. In 1835 he went to Washing- ton, where he executed the busts of several distinguished persons. Two years later he was enabled to go to Italy to study his art, and he resided in Flor- ence till his death. There he produced his statue of "Eve," and in 1843 the "Greek Slave"; "Fisher Boy" (1846). Among the other works the chief were "Proserpine," "II Penseroso," "Califor- nia," "America," and busts of Washing- ton for the State of Louisiana, of Cal- houn for South Carolina, and Daniel Webster for Boston, as well as those of other distinguished Americans. He died in Florence, Italy, June 27, 1873. POWHATAN, an Indian chief; born about 1550; was the father of Pocahon- tas, who is celebrated in the colonial history of Virginia as the rescuer of John Smith. He died in April, 1618. POWHATAN, the name of an Indian confederacy, which at an early day lived on the E. shore of Virginia and a portion of Maryland. They at first numbered only seven tribes, but under the leader- ship of their chief, Powhatan, increased to 30. The English found them when forming the colony at Jamestown. Con- stant troubles between the confederacy, the English, and the Iroquois, soon de- stroyed nearly all the Powhatan tribes, and after 1684 they were not recognized as a separate nation. Vol. vn— Cyc POYNINGS' LAW, or the Statute of Drogheda, an act of the Irish Parlia- ment, passed in 1495, whereby all general statutes before that time made in Eng- land were declared of force in Ireland. It was so named from Sir Edward Poyn- ings, deputy of Ireland under Henry VII. in 1494, when he suppressed the revolt of Perkin Warbeck. POYNTER, SIR EDWARD JOHN, an English painter; born in Paris, March 20, 1836; educated at Westminster School and Ipswich Grammar School; re- ceived his art training at the Royal Academy and under Gleyre in Paris; gained a reputation by his "Israel in Egypt," exhibited in 1867, and "The Cat- apult" (1868); painted the cartoons for the mosaic of St. George in the West- minster Palace (1869). Among his chief pictures are "Perseus and Andro- meda" (1872); "The Golden Age" (1875) ; "Atalanta's Race" (1876) ; "Dia- dumene" (1885) ; and "A Roman Boat Race" (1889). He was elected an Associate in 1869 and a Royal Acad- emician in 1876, was the first Slado Professor of Art at University College, London, and was director for art at South Kensington for some years. He became president of the Royal Academy and was knighted in 1896. He died in 1919. POZAREVATZ, a city in Serbia, 34 miles S. of Belgrade, and 8 miles S. of the Danube. Has few industries except agriculture, but is the trade center of the Morava Valley. Has a penitentiary witk a house for political offenders, and a women's prison. Scene of treaty in 1718 between Turkey and Austria. Figured in World War, being captured by Ger- man-Austrian forces in 1915. Pop. about 15,000. POZIERES, a village in France, near the river Ancre and the Belgian border, on the high road between Amiens and Cambrai, which figured as scene of muck fighting in the early period of the World War. The village had at first been taken by the Germans, but during the battle of the Somme, in the summer of 1915, Australian regiments took it from the Germans. It changed hands repeatedly during the war. POZSONY, Hungarian name for Pressburg {q. v.). POZZUOLI, the ancient Puteoh, a city and seaport of southern Italy, 6 miles W. S. W. of Naples, on the shore of the bay of Baiae, the N. W. portion of the Bay of Naples, The coast forms a nat- ural harbor, and a considerable trade and an active fishing is carried on. 22
