PROSTATE GLAND 360 PBOTECTIVE ASSOCIATION tries include wool, cotton, linen, liquors, tools, and geese breeding. Pop. about 35,000. PROSTATE GLAND, the largest of all the organs connected with the male gen- erative system, PROSTITUTION. In law, the com- mon lewdness of a woman for gain. The act of permitting a common and indiscriminate sexual intercourse for hire. PROSTYLE, in architecture, a temple which has a portico in one front, con- sisting of insulated columns with their entablatures and fastigium. Also a portico in which the columns stand out quite free from the walls of the build- ing to which it is attached. PROTAGORAS, a Greek sophist; born in Abdera, 480 B. C. He was taught by Democritus, and became a teacher at Athens, and was banished on the charge of atheism. Plato has illustrated the doctrines and the fame of this sophist in the dialogue named after him. None of the writings of Protagoras are extant. He died probably about 411. PROTEACEiE, proteads; shrubs or small trees, with hard dry leaves. From the Cape of Good Hope and Australia. Known genera 44, species 650. PROTECTION, one of the theories concerning the best development of a country's industries by means of taxes levied for other than fiscal purposes. Incidental protectionists deny and limited protectionists affirm the wisdom of levying tariff duties with the inten- tion and purpose of protecting home in- dustries. The limited protectionists would have the legislation of the state take particular cognizance of the char- acter of the industries of the people, and would have the law enacted with con- stant reference to the encouragement of the weaker — generally the manufactur- ing — pursuits. The doctrine of inci- lental protection is to "let alone" so far IS the original purpose of legislation is oncerned, but would at the same time so shape the tariff that a needed stimulus should be given to certain industries. The limited protectionist agrees with the free-trader in assenting to the prop- osition that the original condition of industry is found in nature — in the environment of the laborer, also that the necessity for a varied industry is so great, so important to the welfare and independence of a people, as to justify the deflection of human energies by law to certain pursuits which could not be profitably followed but for the fact of protection. This makes a reason for tariff legislation. The weaker industry lives and thrives by the side of the stronger and thus modifies the crude rules of nature by the higher rules of human reason. The protectionist would keep in view the strength and dignity of the State and would be willing to incur temporary disadvantages for the sake of a permanent good. The doctrine of high protection is that the assumptions of free trade are spe- cious and false. The influence of man on his environment is so great as to make it virtually whatever the law of right rea- son would suggest, namely, that every nation should be independent. Its sov- ereignty and equality should be secured by every means short of injustice. In order that a State may be independent and able to make out for itself a great destiny, its industries must afford em- ployment for all the talents and facul- ties of man, and yield products adapted to all his wants. To devote the energies of a people to those industries only which are suggested by the situation or en- vironment is to make a man a slave to nature instead of nature's master. Not only should every state, but every community, be made comparatively in- dependent. Every community should be able, by its own industries, to supply at least the larger part of its own wants. This cannot be accomplished in any other way than by the legal protection of those industries which do not flourish under the action of merely natural laws. In- ternal trade is, according to this doc- trine, the principal thing, and commer- cial intercourse with foreign states a matter of secondary or even dubious ad- vantage. If the price of the given home product be not sufficient to stimulate its production in such quantities as to meet all the requirements of the market, then that price should be raised by means of legislation, and raised again and again, till the foreign trade shall cease, and home manufacture be supplied in its place. PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION, AMERICAN, a league composed of ovei 25,000 American volunteers, formed in March, 1917, to aid the Government in putting down sedition and espionage. Mr. A. Briggs was made chairman of the volunteer auxiliary. The first working unit of the league was organized in Chi- cago, with Mr. Frey as its head. The association was built on military lines; every large city forming a division; each division made up of several dis- tricts, with a captain over each unit. The executive control was centralized in a Board of National Directors, whose
