REFUGEE 479 BEGGIO REFUGEE, a word that probably came into existence when the Protestants under Louis XIV. escaped from their op- pressors to other lands. It is applied also to one who takes refuge; one who flees to a place of refuge or shelter, and to one who flies for refuge in time of persecution or political commotion to a foreign country. REGALECUS, the deal-fish; a genus of acanthopterygian fishes; division Tseniiformes. Each ventral fin is re- duced to a long filament, dilated at the extremity, somewhat like the blade of an oar, whence they have been called oar fishes. Range wide; they have been taken in the Mediterranean, the Atlantic and Indian Oceans, and on the coast of New Zealand. REGELATION, the union, by freez- ing together, of two pieces of ice, with moist surfaces when placed in contact at a temperature of 32°. A snowball is formed by the regelation of the particles composing it, so are the snow bridges spanning chasms on high mountains. See Glacier. REGENERATION, in biology, the genesis or production of new tissue to supply the place of an old texture lost or removed. In some of the inferior ani- mals an organ or a limb can thus be sup- plied; in man regeneration is much more limited in its operation. Thus, when a breach of continuity takes place in a muscle, it is repaired by a new growth of connective tissue, but muscular sub- stance like that lost is not restored. Nerve, fibrous, areolar, and epithelial tissues are more easily repaired. In Scripture, regeneration is the state of being born again, i. e., in a spiritual manner. The word regeneration (Greek ■paling enesia)occnrs twice in the Author- ized Version and Revised Version of the New Testament. In Matt, xix: 28, if connected, as seems natural, with the words which follow, not with those which precede it. it refers to the renova- tion or restoration of all things which shall take place at the second advent of Christ. The other passage is: "Not by works done in righteousness which we did ourselves, but according to his mercy he saved us through the washing [margin, laverl of regeneration and renewing of the Holy Ghost."— Titus iii: 5 (R. V.). The doctrine of regeneration was for- mally expounded by Jesus in his inter- view with Nicodemus (John iii: 1-10). All theologians consider the Holy Spirit the author of regeneration. Two views exist as to the relation between baptism and the new birth. One considers the water in John iii: 5, and the washing or laver of Titus iii: 5, to be that of baptism, and that the administration of the rite of baptism is immediately fol- lowed or accompanied by what is called in consequence "baptismal regeneration." The other view is that the water, wash- ing and laver, in these passages, are but figurative allusions to the power of the Holy Spirit in removing the corruption of the heart, and that regeneration is effected, quite independently of baptism, by the Holy Spirit alone. REGENSBURG. See RatisboN. REGENT, one invested with vicarious authority, one who governs a kingdom during the minority, absence, or disabil- ity of the sovereign. In hereditary gov- ernments the regent is usually, but not necessarily or always, the nearest re- lative who is capable of undertaking the office. Also a member of a governing board; a trustee; as the Regents of the Smithsonian Institution at Washington, etc. Also a member of one of the Eng- lish universities, having certain duties of instruction or government. At Cam- bridge the regents are all resident mas- ters of less than four years' standing, and all doctors of less than two years standing. At Oxford the period of re- gency is shorter. Masters and doctors of a longer standing, who keep their names on the college books are termed non-regents. At Oxford the regents compose the congregation, by whom de- grees are conferred, and the ordinary business of the university transacted. Together with the non-regents they com- pose convocation. At Cambridge the re- gents compose the upper, and the non- regents the lower house of the senate or governing body. REGENT BIRD, the Sericidm chryso- cephalus, a bower bird of beautiful plum- age. In the adult male it is golden yel- low and rich velvet black; the female is of more sober hue, all the upper surface being deep olive brown. The normal number of eggs is apparently two, that number of young birds having been re- peatedly found. It is sometimes, but er- roneously, called the regent oriole. REGGIO (Reggio di Calabria), a sea- port and province of south Italy; on the Strait of Messina; 9 miles S. E. of the city of Messina. It is the seat of an archbishop, and has a fine cathedral. Manufactures of silks, perfumes, gloves, stockings, and caps — the last three made from the byssus of the Pinna iq.v.) — fruits, vine, and olives are cultivated, and fishing is carried on. Pop. province, about 475,000; city, about 45,000. The ancient Rhegium was founded by Greeks 8th century B. C. It was taken and de-
