ORMONDE 49 ORNDORFF of the title, was taken possession of as a royal wrrd, and placed under the guardianship of the Archbishop of Can- terbury, On the restoration of his grandfather to liberty, he also was re- leased; and in his 20th year he married his cousin, Lady Elizabeth Preston, and in 1632 succeeded, upon his grandfath- er's death, to the earldom and estates of Ormonde. During the Strafford admin- istration in Ireland Ormonde distinguish- ed himself. He failed to please in 1643 when he concluded an armistice ; his pol- icy was condemned as well by the friends as by the enemies of the royalist party in England. During the long contest of Charles with the Parliament. Ormonde continued to uphold the royal interest in his Irish government; and when the last crisis of the king's fortunes came, he resigned his Irish command, and re- tired to France, from which country he again returned to Ireland with the de- sign of restoring the royal authority. After a gallant but unequal struggle, he was, however, compelled, in 1650, to re- turn to France. At the Restoration he accompanied Charles II. on his return, and was rewarded for his fidelity by the ducal title of Ormonde. His after life was less eventful, though he twice again returned to the government of Ireland. It was in 1679 as he was re- turning from a civic festival, he was at- tacked by Colonel Blood and a party of ruffians, and dragged from his coach with the intention of being hanged at Tyburn. He escaped uninjured, and lived till the year 1688. He died in Dorsetshire, England, July 21, 1688. ORMONDE, JAMES BUTLER, 2D DUKE OF, an English military officer; bom in Dublin in 1665. In 1682 he mar- ried Anne, daughter of Lord Hyde, after- ward Earl of Rochester. As Earl of Ossory he served in the army against Monmouth, and also held an office in the palace under James II. After his ac- cession to the dukedom by the death of his grandfather in 1688, he took his share in the Revolution conflict, but af- terward, at the coronation of William and Mary, he acted as lord high-con- stable. He was present at the battle of the Boyne, at the head of William's life guards. He soon became popular. In 1702 he was placed in command in the expedition against Cadiz; in 1703 he was appointed lord-lieutenant of Ireland, and in 1711 Commander-in-Chief of the land forces sent against France and Spain. After the accession of George I. Ormonde somehow fell into disgrace with the king, and was impeached in 1715 of high treason, and with the re- sult that his estates were attainted, and he was deprived of all his honors. He retired into France, where he attached himself to the Jacobite court, and spent many years in the secret intrigues of the Pretender and his followers. A col- lection of letters written by him in the organization of the abortive attempt by Spain to invade England and Scotland in 1719, were in 1890 brought to light, and in 1896 issued by the Scottish History society. He died abroad in 1745. ORMULUM, a Transition English metrical translation of the Gospel his- tory. ORMUZ, or HORMUZ, a small town on the island of Jerun, in the Strait of Ormuz, at the entrance of the Persian Gulf, 4 miles S. of the Persian coast. Three centuries before the Christian era there existed on the mainland, 12 miles E. of the island, a city Ormuz; this in the 13th century was the headquarters of the Persian trade with India. But about the end of the century its ruler transferred his people to the site of the present town, to escape the Mongols. The new city maintained its commercial supremacy even after it passed into the hands of the Portuguese, through Albu- querque's capture of it in 1507. It was taken from the Portuguese in 1622 by an English fleet (Baffin, the Arctic navi- gator, being killed in the action) , and given to Shah Abbas of Persia, who transferred the trade to his port of Ban- dar Abbas, 12 miles N, W, on the main- land. The Portuguese fort still stands, but the town of Ormuz is a ruin. The island yields salt and sulphur. ORMUZD, in Persian mythology, the beneficient deity of the Zoroastrian re- ligion as it is set forth in the Zenda- vesta. According to this system (dual- ism), Ormuzd. the principle of light and purity, created six immortal spirits, then 28 subordinate spirits, and lastly the souls of men, while Ahriman, the oppos- ing evil principle, produced six evil an- gels with sundry subordinate principles, leading, however, to the triumph of Or- muzd, when Ahriman will acknowledge his supremacy, and all creatures shall be delivered from the dominion of evil. ORNDORFF. WILLIAM RIDGELY, an American chemist, bom in Baltimore, in 1862. After studying at Baltimore City College and at Johns Hopkins Uni- versity, and at several other universities in Germany, he was instructor and as- sistant professor of chemistry at Cor- nell University, from 1887 to 1898. He was professor of organic chemistry from 1902. In 1890 he served as special agent
