HOME 100 ROME against pseudo-classicism; a return from the monotonous commonplace of every- day life to the quaint and unfamiliar world of old romance; a craving for the novel, original, and adventurous; an em- phasizing of the interesting, the pictur- esque, the "romantic," at the expense, if need be, of correctness and elegance and the current canons of "good taste." Deep humor, strong pathos, profound pity are among its notes. Romanticism is not necessarily limited to any one period; there are romantic elements in Homer, iEschylus, Sophocles. The poetry of Dante is eminently romantic when con- trasted with ancient classical poetry as a whole. There are certain epochs that are specially romantic, and certain writ- ers in those epochs more romantic than their fellows. The 18th century was notoriously classic in ideal, or pseudo- classic — conventional, pedantic, academ- ic; and the revolt against spiritual ennui which followed is the romantic move- ment par excellence. In England, the fountain-head of the movement which cul- minated in the beginning of the 19th century, it may be traced from the Percy Ballads and Chatterton, from Cowper and Blake and Burns, to Scott and By- ron, Wordsworth and Coleridge, Keats and Rossetti. In Germany there were tendencies in that direction in Lessing, in Schiller, in Goethe, as well as in the philosophy of Schelling, and the "Sturm und Drang" period was largely romantic in its temper; but it was Novalis who was the prophet of "romanticism," and among the other representatives of the school were the Schlegels, Tieck, Kleist, Fouque, and Hoffmann. In France be- ginnings are found in Rousseau, in Cha- teaubriand, and others; but the great chief of French romanticism is Victor Hugo. Other French romantics are La- martine, Dumas, Gautier, George Sand, Flaubert, and Murger. In music Weber has been called the "creator of romantic opera." Berlioz is regarded as the type of French romanticism in music. ROME, a city and county-seat of Floyd co., Ga. ; on the Coosa river, and on the Southern, the Central of Georgia, the Nashville, Chattanooga and St. Louis, the Rome and Northern and the West- ern and Atlantic railroads; 72 miles N. W. of Atlanta. Here are a high school, Shorter College for Women (Bapt.) ; hospitals, parks, waterworks, electric lights, street railroads, National and State banks, and daily and weekly periodicals. There is a large trade in cotton and general merchandise. The city has plow works, sewer pipe works, foundries, a rolling mill, stove works, furniture factory, planing mills, cotton mills, hosiery works, etc. Pop. (1910) 12,099; (1920) 13,252. ROME, a city in Oneida co., N. Y.; on the Mohawk river, the Erie and Black River canals, and the New York, On- tario and Western, and the New York Central and Hudson River railroads; 15 miles N. W. of Utica. Here are St. Peter's Academy for Young Ladies, the State Custodial Asylum, the Central New York Institute for Deaf Mutes, County Court House, County Home, city hospital, street railroad and electric light plants, waterworks, the Jervis Library, National and savings banks, and several daily and weekly newspapers. The city has loco- motive and farming implement works, machine shops, and cigar factories, and manufactures of brass and copper prod- ucts, canned goods, wire, bedsteads, etc. Pop. (1910) 20,497; (1920) 26,341. ROME, the most powerful state of an- tiquity; founded about 753 B. c. by a settlement from Alba Longa led by Romulus (q. v.). At first the new city was ruled by kings, but in 509 B. C. the people established a republic which last- ed for 500 years. Its most important feature was the struggle between the ple- beians and the patricians, settled finally in 286 B. c, by admission of the plebeians to a share in the government. Mean- while Rome had been gradually spreading out, and by 275 B. c. was mistress of all Italy. The next 30 years were crucial in the history of Rome. Her aggressive policy in the Mediterranean brought her face to face with Carthage (q. v.), and un- der their military genius Hannibal, (q. v.) the Carthaginians threatened the very existence of Rome itself (see Pu- nic Wars). Carthage was finally burned to the ground in 146 B. c. By 133 B. c. Rome had conquered Macedonia and Asia Minor. At this point begins the decline of Rome as a republic. A series of bitter civil wars centralized the governing pow- er in the hands of a few leaders (see Sulla: Marius: Pompey: Cesar: Tri- umvirate) ; and in 48 B. C. Julius Cse- sar was created Imperator. With Cassar the republic and Rome's greatest period came to an end. Under the republic the power of Rome had been extended from Arabia to Great Britain, and from Spain to Armenia. See Mithridates. In 27 B. c. Octavian became first em- peror of Rome under the title of Au- gustus (q. v.). His immediate succes- sors added slightly to Roman territory, but under Marcus Aurelius (q. v.) the decline began. From A. D. 180 to 284 (see Trajan) Rome grew gradually weaker. In 284 Diocletian (q. v.) re-
