ST. BERNARD 186 ST. CLAIR ing to Rome. It now affords sleeping accommodations for 80 travelers, and can give shelter to about 300 in all. The hospice is connected with a station in the valley below, from which the monks above are warned by telephone when trav- elers are on their way up the mountain. The keepers of the hospice are a dozen or so of Augustinian monks, all young and strong; their work is, with the aid of large dogs, to rescue travelers who are in danger of perishing from the snow and cold. But the dogs they use are no lon- ger the famous St. Bernard breed, but Newfoundlands. In 1889 a botanical gar- den, chiefly for Alpine plants, was laid out in the Entremontthal, on the N. slope of the pass. Diggings in 1890 revealed the foundation of a small Roman temple of imperial times near the summit of the pass, with a few bronzes and other an- tiques. (2) Little St. Bernard, S. W. of the above in the Graian Alps, connects the valley of Aosta with that of Taran- taise in Savoy. By this pass Hannibal is believed to have led his forces into Italy. It, too, has a hospice, 7,143 feet above the sea. ST. BERNARD, a breed of dogs which derives its name from the hospice of St. Bernard, where it was first introduced for the purpose of finding the pass across the mountain in snow. The St. Bernard, according to the tra- ditions of the monastery, is the result of a cross between a Danish bull-bitch and a mastiff, a native hill dog, though at what time effected it is impossible to say. After the breed was once established it was kept pure till 1812. About 1860 these dogs first attracted the attention of English travelers, who imported them to Great Britain, where they were exhibited and at once excited much notice on ac- count of their size and beauty. Others were introduced, and the St. Bernard was soon established as the most popular big dog, a popularity which has gone on in- creasing. The St. Bernard, as bred to modern English ideas, is an immense red or orange colored dog, marked with white on muzzle, neck, chest, feet, and tip of tail. ST. CATHARINES, a city and capital of Lincoln co., Ont., Canada; on the Wel- land canal, and the Welland, the Niagara Central, and the Grand Trunk railroads; 12 miles N. W. of Niagara Falls. Here are a Collegiate Institute, Bishop Ridley College, a convent, numerous churches, General and Marine Hospitals, water- works, gas and electric lights, celebrated mineral springs, several branch banks, and a number of daily and weekly news- papers. St. Catharines is the center of the fruit trade of Ontario. It has numer- ous canning factories, flour mills, ma- chine shops, planing mills, breweries, woolen mills, wheel works, tanneries, hair cloth factories, etc. Pop. about 20,000. SAINT CATHARINE'S COLLEGE, a college of Cambridge University, founded in 1473. It is one of the smaller Cam- bridge colleges, having about 30 scholars. ST. CHARLES, a city and county-seat of St. Charles co., Mo.; on the Mis- rouri river, the Wabash, and the Mis- souri, Kansas, and Texas railroads; 22 miles W. of St. Louis. It contains Lin- denwood Female College, St. Charles Col- lege (M. E. S.), the Convent of the Sacred Heart, electric lights, St. Charles Borro- meo and St. Charles Libraries, National and savings banks, and a number of daily and weekly newspapers. An iron rail- road and highway bridge, built at a cost of $1,750,000, crosses the river here. In the vicinity are several quarries of lime- stone. The city has a woolen factory, a large bridge-building plant, flour mills, manufactures of railroad cars, etc. Pop. (1910) 9,437; (1920) 8,503. ST. CHRISTOPHER. See KlTT'S, St. SAINT CLAIR, a borough of Pennsyl- vania, in Schuylkill co. It is on the Penn- sylvania and the Philadelphia and Read- ing railroads. It is the center of an important anthracite coal region and coal mining is the leading industry. Pop. (1910) 5,640; (1920) 6,585. ST. CLAIR, a lake in North America, between Lake Huron and Lake Erie, and connected with the former by St. Clair river, with the latter by Detroit river. It is 30 miles long, greatest breadth 24 miles, area 360 square miles. It contains several fine islands. The river St. Clair, which separates Canada and the United States, is about 40 miles long, 1 mile wide, and navigable. SAINT CLAIR RIVER, a river form- ing the boundary between Michigan and Ontario, the outlet of Lake Huron. It empties into Lake St. Clair. The river is navigable and a canal has been dug through one of its channels, forming the St. Clair Flats Canal. A tunnel under- neath the river between Port Huron and Sarnia connects the Canadian Grand Trunk and the Chicago and Grand Trunk railways. ST. CLAIR, ARTHUR, an American military officer ; born in Thurso, Scotland, in 1734. He was at Louisburg in 1758 and Quebec in 1759; engaged in the bat- tles of Trenton and Princeton; was in command in 1777 at Ticonderoga, which Burgoyne forced him to evacuate; was at the battle of Yorktown ; president of Con-
