ST. VINCENT 204 SAKHALIN ST. VINCENT, CAPE, a promontory forming the S. W. corner of Portugal, off which several important naval battles have taken place. On June 16, 1693, the English Admiral Rooke was here attacked by a superior French fleet, and defeated with the loss of 12 men-of-war and 80 merchantment which were sailing under his convoy ; on January 16, 1780, Admiral Rodney destroyed here several Spanish ships of Langara's fleet; on February 14, 1797, the great battle of Cape St. Vincent resulted in the total defeat of the Span- iards and capture of some of their larg- est ships. This victory frustrated the formidable Spanish-French scheme of in- vading England. The fourth naval fight off Cape St. Vincent took place between the fleet of Queen Maria of Portugal, commanded by Sir Charles Napier, and that of Dom Miguel, in which a portion of the latter was destroyed and the rest captured, July 5, 1833. ST. VINCENT, JOHN JEEVIS, EARL OF, an English naval officer; born in Meaford Hall. Staffordshire, England, Jan. 9, 1734. Running away to sea as a boy, he rose to be a naval lieutenant in 1755, and so distinguished himself in the Quebec expedition in 1759 as to receive the rank of commander. As captain of the "Foudroyant" in 1778 he fought in the action of Brest, and in 1782 captured the "Pegase," of 74 guns, whereupon he was made K. B. In 1793 he commanded the naval part of the successful expedi- tion against the French West India Is- lands. In 1795, now admiral, he received the command of the Mediterranean fleet. On Feb. 14, 1797, with only 15 sail of the line and seven frigates, he fell in, off Cape St. Vincent, with the Spanish fleet of 27 sail. Jervis determined to engage the enemy, and the battle of St. Vincent was fought; but it should be remembered that the genius of Nelson contributed greatly to the success of the day. For this victory the king created Jervis Earl St. Vincent, and Parliament settled on him a pension of $15,000 a year. After having, by great firmness, repressed a mutiny off Cadiz which threatened the loss of the whole fleet, he was compelled by ill-health to return home. He subdued the spirit of sedition which had openly manifested itself in the Channel fleet; held the appointment of First Lord of the Admiralty, 1801-1804; reformed in- numerable crying abuses; having for a second time commanded the Channel fleet, he retired and died March 13, 1823. He was buried at Stone, in Staffordshire. ST. VINCENT DE PAUL. See VIN- CENT de Paul, St. ST. VITUS' DANCE. See Chorea. SAIONJI, MARQUIS KINMOCHI, a Japanese statesman and a member of the , Japanese peace delegation at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919. He was born in Kyoto in 1849, and in his youth took part in the political activities following the revolution of 1868. From 1869 to 1880 he studied in Paris. On his return to Japan he joined Prince Ito and other advocates of liberal reform ideas. He was a member of the commission which studied foreign governments, in 1882. He served as Japanese Minister at Vienna and at Berlin, and held various impor- tant posts in the Japanese Government, becoming, in 1903, leader of the Consti- tutional Party. From 1906 to 1908 he was Prime Minister and again in 1911-12. SAIS, an ancient Egyptian city, on th« right bank of the Canopic branch of the Nile. It gave its name to two Egyptian dynasties, the 24th and 26th, founded by natives of the city. Sais was important as a religious capital, and had a famous temple of the goddess Neith and the tomb of Osiris. Toward the decline of the monarchy it rose to great splendor. The 26th dynasty transferred hither the capi- tal of the kingdom. It was also a re- nowned seat of learning, and was fre- quently visited by the sages of Greece. The legend of the mysterious veiled statue in the temple at Sais (which formed the subject of Schiller's ballad and of Nova- lis' romance) is the issue of Greek ini vention. SAIVAS, the name of one of the three great divisions of Hindu sects. The word designates the votaries of Siva, and com- prises different special sects which varied in number at different periods of medi- aeval Hinduism. SAKHALIN (Japanese KARAFUTO), a long island in the North Pacific, sepa- rated from Manchuria by the Gulf of Tartary, opposite the mouth of the Amoor; area, about 27,800 square miles. The center is mountainous. There are three parallel ridges running from N. to S., from 2,000 to 5,000 feet above # sea- level, and densely covered with conifers. Climate, flora, and fauna are almost Si- berian. The island formerly belonged to the Chinese empire, but early in the 19th century the Japanese took possession. In 1875 the Russians obtained its cession from Japan. The southern half of the island (area, 13,048 square miles; pop. about 68,000) was ceded to Japan by the treaty of Portsmouth (1905). The Rus- sian portion has a population of about 34,000.
