SALMON TROUT 213 SALSETTE salmon is one of the fishes that are im- portant objects of Fish Culture (q. v.). In 1918 the salmon catch in Alaska was 6,605,835 cases. 27,969 persons were em- ployed. In 1919 4,583,688 cases of canned salmon were produced. SALMON TROUT, the Salmo trutta, a north European fish, much more common in Scotland than in England. Its habits are those of the salmon. It attains a length of about three feet; upper parts blackish, usually with a purplish tinge on the silvery sides, under part silvery. Called also sea trout, and in Wales and Ireland white trout. The flesh is pink, richly flavored, and much esteemed. Also the namaycush, or large lake trout of North America. SALOL, a white crystalline powder, obtained from phenol and salicylic acid. It is slightly greasy to the touch and tasteless. It is almost insoluble in water, but soluble in alcohol. It is a powerful antipyretic and antiseptic. SALONA, an ancient and now ruined city of Dalmatia ; at the head of a gulf of the Adriatic, about 3 miles N. E. of the spot on which Diocletian afterward built his gigantic palace of Spalato. It was made a Roman colony in 78 B. c, and later became the capital of Dalmatia and one of the most important cities and seaports of provincial Rome. But it was frequently captured by the Goths and other bar- barians, and in 639 was completely de- stroyed by the Avars. The inhabitants who escaped took refuge in Hadrian's palace. The ruins were excavated during the 19th century; there are now to be seen remains of the former walls, the shell of the ancient Christian cathedral, traces of an amphitheater, and other structures. The city was early made the seat of a bishop, who was soon advanced to the dignity of archbishop of all Dal- matia. After the destruction of the city the archbishop converted the temple of Jupiter at Spalato into his cathedral. SALONICA, or SALONIKI .(ancient Thessalonica; Turkish, Selanik), a large seaport, formerly belonging to Turkey, and awarded to Greece by the treaty with Turkey, following the World War; on a gulf of the iEgean Sea, 315 miles W. S. W. of Constantinople, rising from the sea in the form of an amphitheater, and forming a mixture of squalor and splendor. In Salonica may still be seen vestiges of Cyclopean and Hellenic walls, triumphal arches, and remains of Roman temples, Byzantine structures, and Vene- tian castles. Its harbor is excellent and its roadstead well sheltered. The prin- cipal exports are cotton, corn, tobacco, timber, and wool; imports, sugar, coffee, indigo, calicoes, etc. The manufactures include cotton, silk, leather, carpets, etc. Thessalonica was founded on the site of an older town in 315 B. c, ana had a somewhat eventful history. St. Paul preached the Gospel here, and addressed two of his epistles to the Christian con- verts of the place. In the first Balkan War the Turks surrendered the city and an army of 29,000, to the Greeks on May 8, 1912. During the World War, Greece, having failed to fulfill the terms of her treaty with Serbia against Bulgaria, Sa- lonica was occupied by the Allies. In August, 1917, a disastrous fire ruined two-thirds of the city and made 100,000 persons homeless. Salonica became the military base for the Allies in the Balkans for^ their operations against the Bulgars which culminated in the surrender of Bul- garia in 1918. See World War. Pop. (1919) 250,000 civilians. SALONICA, GULF OF (ancient Sinus Thermaicus), the extreme N. W. arm of the Mgean Sea, between Thessaly on the W., Macedonia on the N. W., and Chalci- dice on the E. It is formed of two dis- tinct parts, one of which is very wide, and lies S. E. and N. W.; the other, which is narrow, lies S. W. and N. E., and is about 60 miles long. SALPA, a genus of ascidian or tuni- cate mollusca forming the representative example of the family Salpidse. These animals are found floating in the Mediter- ranean and the warmer parts of the ocean, and are protected by a transparent gelatinous coat, perforated for the pas- sage of water at both extremities. They are frequently phosphorescent, and are met with in two conditions known as single and chain salpae. Each salpa is of oval or quadrate form, and the organs of the body occupy a comparatively small space within the body-cavity S. maxima is the most familiar species. SALSETTE, an island N. of Bombay, British India, with which it is connected by a bridge and a causeway. It is a beautiful island, diversified by mountain and hill, studded with the ruins of Portu- guese churches, convents, and villas, and rich in extensive rice fields, cocoanut groves, and palm trees; area, 240 square miles; pop. 150,000; chief town, Thana. Nearly 100 caves and cave-temples exist at Kanhari or Keneri, in the middle of the island, 5 miles W. of Thana. They are excavated in the face of a single hill, and contain elaborate carvings chiefly representations of Buddha, many of colos- sal size. There are caves in other locali- ties besides those at Kanhari — e. g., at Montpezir, Kanduti, Amboli, etc. It was occupied by the Portuguese early in the
