SALUTES WITH CANNON 217 SALVADOR mounted soldier dismounts before ad- dressing an officer not mounted. An en- listed man, if seated, rises on the approach of an officer, faces him and salutes; if standing he faces the officer for the same purpose. If both remain in the same place or on the same ground such com- pliments need not be repeated, and sol- diers, if at work, do not cease work to salute an officer unless addressed by him. Before addressing an officer an enlisted man salutes as prescribed, and he also makes the same salute after receiving a reply. Indoors and unarmed an enlisted man uncovers and stands at attention on the approach of an officer. He does not salute unless he addresses or is addressed by the officer. If armed he salutes as though outdoors. When an officer enters a room where there are soldiers the word "attention" is given by someone who perceives him, when all rise and remain standing in the position of soldier till the officer leaves the room; but soldiers at meals do not rise. Officers are required at all times to acknowledge courtesies of enlisted men by returning salutes given, and when sev- eral officers in company are saluted, all who are entitled to the salute return it. SALUTES WITH CANNON. Salute to the Union. This is one gun for each State, and is commemorative of the Dec- claration of Independence. It is fired at noon of the Fourth of July at every mili- tary post and on board commissioned na- val vessels belonging to the United States. The National Salute, 21 guns. This is the salute for the National flag, the Pres- ident of the United States, presidents of foreign republics or sovereigns of for- eign states visiting the United States. Vice-President of the United States, American and foreign ambassadors, 19 guns. The president of the Senate, speak- er of the House of Representatives, mem- bers of the cabinet, the chief -justice, a congressional committee, governors with- in their respective States or Territories, viceroy or governor-general of provinces belonging to foreign states, general of the army, admiral of the navy, and same ranks in foreign armies and navies, 17 guns. American or foreign envoys, or ministers plenipotentiary, assistant Sec- retaries of the Navy or War, lieutenant- general, or a major-general commanding the army, and corresponding ranks in the navy and foreign armies and navies, 15 guns. Ministers-resident accredited to the United States, major-general, rear- admiral, and corresponding ranks of foreign armies and navies, 13 guns. Charges d'affaires, brigadier-general, commodore, and corresponding ranks in foreign armies and navies, 11 guns. Con- suls-general accredited to the United States, 9 guns. Salutes are only fired between sunrise and sunset, and not on Sundays, except in international courtesies. The national colors are always displayed at the time of saluting. The salute to the flag is the only salute which is returned, and this must be done within 24 hours. United States vessels do not return the salute to the flag in United States waters if there is any fort or battery there to do it. Nor do United States vessels salute United States forts or posts. If there are several batteries or forts within sight or 6 miles of each other, one of them is designated as the saluting fort, and returns all salutes of foreign men- of-war. In New York, Castle William, on Governor's Island, is the saluting fort. SALVADOR, or SAN SALVADOR, a republic in Central America ; on the coast of the Pacific; and bounded by Honduras on the N. and E., and by Guatemala on the N. W.; area, 13,176. Pop. (1919), estimated, 1,298,621 ; Spanish-speaking Indians and half-breeds. A range of vol- canic peaks, varying in height from 4,600 to 9,000 feet, runs through the center of the country, dividing an interior valley from the lowlands on the coast. The largest river is the Lempe, which is only navigable in parts. The soil is remark- ably fertile. Sugar, tobacco, cotton, etc., also thrive. Cattle-breeding is carried on, but not extensively. The manufac- tures are unimportant. The imports in 1918 were valued at £1,228,539, and the exports £2,479,960. Trade is chiefly with the United States, Great Britain, and France. The chief articles of import are cottons, hardware, flour, drugs and chem- ical products. The chief exports are cof- fee, indigo, and sugar. Cotton growing has been developed in recent years. The established religion is Roman Catholicism. The government is carried on by a pres- ident and four ministers. There is a congress of 70 deputies elected by univer- sal suffrage. The inhabitants had long the reputation of being the most indus- trious in Central America, and the State, in proportion to its size, is still the most densely peopled. Salvador remained un- der Spanish rule till 1821, when it as- serted its independence and joined the Mexican Confederation. In 1823, how- ever, it seceded from the confederation and subsequently formed part of the Re- public of Central America. In 1853 it be- came an independent republic. Its prog- ress has been much hindered by internal dissensions, revolutions and counter-rev- olutions following each other without end. The capital is San Salvador. History. — In 1913 President Aranjo
