SANDALWOOD ISLAND 228 SAND CRAB yield by expression a thick viscid oil, burnt by the poorer classes in India. An essential oil is also distilled from the wood. Hindu doctors consider sandal wood sedative and cooling, and use it in gonorrhoea. The sandal wood of the Sand- wich Islands is derived from S. freycine- tianum and S. paniculatum. Red sandal wood is the wood of Pterocarpus santa- linus, growing in Coromandel and Ceylon. In occidental pharmacy it is used only to color the compound tincture of lavender. In India the name is also given to Ade- nanthera pavonina. SANDALWOOD ISLAND, or STJMBA, an island in the Malay Archipelago, be- longing to the group called Sunda Islands, owned by Holland, and situated 40 miles S. of Flores. Area, 4,510 square miles. It is composed of a plateau 3,000 feet above the sea level with precipitous coasts. The name is derived from the valuable sandalwood which, with ebony, makes up a large part of the thick forests. Pop. about 250,000. SANDARAC, or SANDARACH RE- SIN, a friable, dry, almost transpar- ent, tasteless, yellowish white resin, which is imported from Mogador, Mo- rocco. It is completely soluble in oil of turpentine, but not completely soluble in alcohol. When heated, or sprinkled on burning coals, it emits an agreeable bal- samic smell. It exudes from the bark of the sandarac tree (Callitris quadrivalvis) , a native of the N. of Africa, of the natural order Coniferse. It is employed in making varnish, and generally speak- ing for the same purposes as mastic. The Australian species also exude sandarac. The finely powdered resin is rubbed, as pounce, on the erasures of writing paper, after which they may be written on again without the ink spreading. The mottled butt wood of the sandarac is highly bal- samic and odoriferous, extremely durable and valuable for cabinet makers. SANDAY, one of the Orkneys, an island of very irregular shape, generally with a very flat surface and a light sandy soil ; greatest length, 13 miles. There are a number of small lakes. There is an- other small island of the same name in the Inner Hebrides, connected with Canna at low water, 4 miles N. W. of Rum. SANDAY, WILLIAM, an English theologian and scholar, born at Holme Pierrepont, Nottingham, in 1843. He re- ceived his education at Balliol and Corpus Christi Colleges, Oxford. For several years he was the principal of Hatfield's Hall, Durham, and until 1895 was a fel- low of Exeter College, Oxford. From that date he was Lady Margaret pro- fessor of divinity and canon of Christ Church. He was appointed chaplain to the King in 1903. His published writings include "The Gospels in the Second Cen- tury" (1876) ; "The Life of Christ in Recent Research" (1907) ; "The Primitive Church and Reunion" (1913); "The "Deeper Causes of the War" (1914) ; and "Meaning of the War for Germany and Great Britain" (1915). SAND BLAST, one of the most won- derful uses of sand, by means of which glass, stone, metals, or any other hard substance may be cut or engraved. If a stream of sharp sand be let fall from a high box (as high as the ceiling of a room) through a tube on to a plate of glass held under it, the sand will cut away little grains of the glass till at length the whole surface will be cut or scratched and it will look like ground glass. If, instead of cutting the glass all over, it is wanted to engrave a pattern or figure on it, the workman has only to cover the parts of the glass which he does not want cut with a stencil plate made of leather, rubber, paper, wax, etc., for the sand will not cut any soft substance. By this means only the uncovered parts are cut, and when the stencil is taken off the pat- tern will be seen. General Tilghman of Philadelphia, who first found out how to do this, made a machine in which the sand is blown on to the things to be cut by a blast of air or steam. Glass signs, glass globes for lamps and gas burners, tumblers, goblets, and other glassware may be engraved in this way very fast, and with the most beautiful designs. Metals and stones also may be cut by means of the sand blast, which will not only scratch the surface, but will cut it away to any depth. The marble tomb- stones put up in the National cemeteries to the memory of soldiers killed in the war were made in this way. SANDBURG, CARL, an American writer and poet, born in Galesburg, 111., in 1878. He studied at Lombard College from 1898 to 1902. From 1910 to 1912 he acted as secretary to the mayor of Milwaukee, Wis., and from the latter date was engaged in newspaper and editorial work. In 1914 he was awarded the prize given by the Poetry Magazine. During the Spanish-American War he served as a private. His volumes of poetry include "Chicago Poems" (1915); and "Corn Huskers" (1918). He is regarded as one of the most talented of the younger school of American poets. SAND CRAB, or RACING CRAB, a genus (Oeypoda) of crabs which live in holes in the sand along the sea shores of warm countries. O. cursor inhabits the Mediterranean, Red Sea, and Indian
