SANGAMON RIVER 234 SANHEDRIM 12,794 feet above sea-level. This peak is 85 miles N. E. of Prescott. It is near the S. border of the Colorado plateau, and it rises 5,000 feet above the level of this plateau. Near it are volcanic cones long since extinct. SANGAMON RIVER, a river in Illi- nois formed by the North and South Forks, the former being the main branch. Its source is near Gibson, whence it tra- verses Champaign co., where it turns W. and crosses Sangamon co., and forms the N. boundary of Cass co. It flows into the Illinois river about 9 miles above Beards- town, and 45 miles W.N. W. of Spring- field. Its length is 250 miles, including the North Fork. The forks join 6 miles E. of Springfield. SANGER, WILLIAM CARY, an American public official, born in Brook- lyn, N. Y., in 1853. He graduated from the Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn in 1869, and from Harvard in 1874. From 1895 to 1897 he was a member of the New York Assembly. During the Span- ish-American War he served as lieutenant colonel of the 203d New York Infantry. He was assistant secretary of war from 1901 to 1903. In 1906 he was one of the American delegates to the International Red Cross Conference, held in Geneva, to revise the treaty of 1864. He was a mem- ber of the war relief board of the National Red Cross, and during the World War was director of military relief for the Potomac Division of the American Red Cross. He wrote several reports on mili- tary conditions in Europe and contributed articles on military subjects to magazines. SANGIR ISLANDS, a group of small islands in the Indian Archipelago, be- tween the N. E. extremity of Celebes and the Philippine isle of Mindanao. Most of them are inhabited and are covered with cocoa palms. Rice, pisang, and sago are cultivated. The islands are all mountainous and partly volcanic. In an eruption of Aboe, a volcano on Great Sangir, in June, 1892, the greater part of the island was devastated, and nearly 10,000 inhabitants perished. The natives are of the Malay race and profess Christianity. The islands belong to the Netherlands. Pop. about 114,000. SANGREALIS, SANGREAL, or SAINT GRAIL, the Holy Cup or Grail, said to be from Modern Latin gradate, a cup; but supposed by some to be a corruption of the Old French le Sang Real, i. e., the true blood of Christ. This sacred relic, preserved in an emerald cup, is said in legendary history to have been brought to England by Joseph of Arimathea. According to the romantic story of King Arthur it could only be discovered by one possessed of perfect virtue; and the "Quest of the St. Grail" by the Knights of the Round Table, of whom the perfect champion, Sir Galahad (in other legends Parsifal), was favored by its discovery, is narrated therein at great length. SANGSTER, MARGARET ELIZA- BETH (MTJNSON), an American poet; born in New Rochelle, N. Y., Feb. 22, 1838. She was editorially connected with "Hearth and Home" (1871-1873) and "The Christian at Work" (1873-1879) ; and in 1889 became editor of "Harper's Bazar." Her most noted poems are: "Our Own"; "The Sin of Omission"; and "Are the Children at Home?" Among her books for girls are: "May Stanhope and Her Friend," and "Mai- die's Problem"; "Little Knights and Ladies." She died in 1912. ' SANGUINARIA, a genus of plants, order Papaveracese. The most interest- ing species is S. canadensis, the puccoon, a native of North America. Its root, often called blood-root, from its con- taining a red juice, is used internally in large doses as an emetic and purga- tive, and in small doses as a diaphoretic and expectorant. It is applied externally, combined with chloride of zinc, to check cancerous growths. SANHEDRIM, or SANHEDRIN, the supreme national tribunal of the Jews, established at the time of the Maccabees, probably under John Hyrcanus. It con- sisted of 71 members, and was presided over by the Nasi ("prince"), at whose side stood the Ab-Beth-Din ("father of the tribunal"). Its members belonged to the different classes of society: there were priests (Greek, archiereis), el- ders, that is, heads of families, men of age, and experience (Gr. presbyteroi) ; scribes, or doctors of the law (Gr. gram- mateis) ; and others exalted by eminent learning — the sole condition for admis- sion into this assembly. The president- ship was conferred on the high-priest in preference, if he happened to possess the requisite qualities of eminence ; _ other- wise, "he who excels all others in wis- dom" was appointed, irrespective of his station. The limits of its jurisdiction are not known with certainty; but there is no doubt that the supreme decision over life and death were exclusively in its hands. By degrees the whole internal admin- istration of the commonwealth was vested in this body, and it became necessary to establish minor courts, simi- larly composed, all over the country, and Jerusalem itself. Thus we hear of two inferior tribunals at Jerusalem, each of
