REYNOLDS 12 REYNOLDS University, St. Louis, and was also sta- tioned at other colleges. After the be- ginning of the Civil War he rapidly rose in rank from colonel of the 10th Indiana Volunteers to Major-General of volun- teers; during that time he was in com- mand of Camp Morton, Indianapolis, and Cheat Mountain district, W. Va. In Tennessee he was engaged in the actions at Hoover's Gap, battle of Chickamauga, and battle of Chattanooga; later was in command of the defenses of New Or- leans from Jan. 6 to June 16, 1864; was in command of the 19th Army Corps, and assisted in organizing the forces for the capture of Mobile and Forts Gaines and Morgan, Mobile harbor, in the same year. He was in command of the Mis- sissippi river from its mouth to Mem- phis, Tenn., from October to December, 1864; was mustered out of the volunteer service in 1866, and was promoted colonel in the regular army in the same year; was brevetted Brigadier-General in 1867 for gallant and meritorious ser- vice at the battle of Chickamauga, and was in the same year brevetted Major- General for similar service at the battle of Missionary Ridge; after service in the 25th Infantry he was transferred to the 23d Cavalry in 1870, and after that time served at Fort McPherson and other military stations and on various boards till retired from active service June 25, 1877, for disability contracted in the line of duty. He died in Washington, D. C, Feb. 25, 1899. REYNOLDS, SIR JOSHUA, an Eng- lish portrait and subject painter; bora in Plympton Earls, near Plymouth, July 16, 1723. His father, a clergyman and master of Plympton grammar school, in- tended him for the medical profession; but he developed a strong aptitude for painting, was continually studying the plates in Cat's "Book of Emblems," Dry- den's "Plutarch," and the other volumes that came in his way, and at the age of eight had mastered the "Jesuit's Perspec- tive," and applied its principles to draw- ings executed by himself. In October, 1740, accordingly, he was sent to Lon- don to study art, and placed in the studio of Thomas Hudson, a portrait painter. In 1743 he returned to Devon- shire, and some of the portraits of local worthies which he then produced still exist. In the following year he was again in London pursuing his art; but in the beginning of 1747, after the death of his father, he settled in Plymouth Dock, now Devonport, where he learned much from a study of the works of William Gandy of Exeter. In 1749 he made the acquaintance of Commodore, afterward Lord, Keppel, who invited A — I him to accompany him on a cruise in the Mediterranean; and, after painting many of the British officers in Minorca, he made his way to Rome, where he studied Raphael and Michelangelo and in the Vatican caught a chill which permanently affected his hearing. He also visited Bologna, Genoa, Florence, Parma, and Venice. Returning to Eng- land in October, 1752, he soon afterward established himself in a studio in St. Martin's Lane, London, and attracted notice by his portraits of the second Duke of Devonshire and Commodore Kep- SIR JOSHUA REYNOLDS pel. Before long he was in excellent practice, and in the year 1755 he had no fewer than 120 sitters. In 1760, he purchased a mansion on the W. side of Leicester Square, to which he added a studio and reception room. In 1764 he founded the famous liter- ary club of which Dr. Johnson, Garrick, Burke, Goldsmith, Boswell, and Sheridan were members; all of whom were por- trayed by his brush. He was one of the earliest members of the Incorporated Society of Artists, and contributed to its exhibitions till 1768, when, on the establishment of the Royal Academy, he was elected its first president; and in the following year received the honor of knighthood from the king. In 1769 he delivered the first of his "Discourses" to the students of the Academy, 15 of which have been published. They are Cyc Vol 8
