modern in appearance. Of its former convents one now serves as a theater, another a cigar factory. The remaining industries are chiefly breweries, cotton, paper, and flour mills, iron foundries, and ship-building yards. The commerce of the port increases steadily: the exports—flour, wine, foodstuffs, and metals—have in some years reached a value of about $5,000,000, and the imports—tobacco, foodstuffs, codfish, iron and steel goods, textiles, coal, petroleum, chemicals, timber, upward of $10,000,000. Santander is a favorite seaside resort in summer. It was here Charles I. embarked for England after his trip to the Spanish court. The town was sacked by Soult in 1808. Pop. (1918) 72,700.
SANTA ROSA, a city and county-seat of Sonoma co., Cal.; on Santa Rosa creek, and on the Southern Pacific, the Petaluma and Santa Rosa and the Northwestern Pacific railroads; 52 miles N. by W. of San Francisco. It is in a fertile valley and has a delightful climate, highly adapted to the culture of grapes and other fruit. The experimental gardens of Luther Burbank are located here. It contains several educational institutions, a National bank, and daily and weekly newspapers. There are manufactories of iron, soap, carriages; fruit canning, etc. Pop. (1910) 7,817; (1920) 8,758.
SANTA TECLA, or NUEVA SAN SALVADOR, a city of the Republic of Salvador, 8 miles S. W. of the capital, San Salvador. It is a handsome town, with modern buildings, wide plazas, hospital, schools, and interesting churches. It is in the center of a picturesque valley, being within view of the volcano of the same name, and represents an attempt to establish a new capital after the destruction of San Salvador city by an earthquake in 1854. Pop. (1920) 23,291.
SANTIAGO, a province of Chile, inclosed by the Pacific on the W. and by Argentina in the E., with the provinces of O'Higgins and Colchagua on the S., and those of Aconcagua and Valparaiso on the N. It is very mountainous, but agriculture is highly developed in the valleys aided by artificial irrigation. There is some mining and salt is obtained from the coastal lagoons. The capital is Santiago. Pop. (1919) 640,087.
SANTIAGO, or SANTIAGO DE CHILE, the capital of Chile and of the province of Santiago, situated near the River Maipo in the central valley between the Andes and the coast range, 69 miles S. E. of Valparaiso. The site is picturesque, with a lofty inclosure of mountains filling the horizon. In the east the white summit of Aconcagua with some lesser heights of the Andes may be seen. The city itself is undulating and its central part is the red porphyry hillock of Santa Lucia, the stronghold of the first settlers besieged by the Arauconion Indians. It has magnificent streets and buildings, with highly developed street railways. The great apartment houses and private dwellings are extremely artistic and luxurious and its boulevards, among them the Alameda, are among the finest in America. The Hall of Congress, Exposition Palace, opera house, cathedral, University building, National library, National museum are all magnificent buildings. Pop. (1918) 415,641.
SANTIAGO, or SANTIAGO DE LOS CABALLEROS, a town of Santo Domingo; on the Yaqui river; is one of the most important towns of the republic, having large commercial interests and an extensive tobacco trade. Pop. (1917) 14,744.
SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA, a city of Spain; in the province of Corunna, and on the slope of Monte Pedroso. It is the see of an archbishop. The cathedral, begun 1082, is in the form of a Latin cross; near it is a large hostel, founded for pilgrims. The town was built around a chapel, afterward made the cathedral, on the site popularly believed to be the grave of the apostle St. James, whose bones are said to be in the foundation. For several centuries it was the most frequented place of pilgrimage of western Europe, and it has been called the “Mecca of Spain.” The cathedral has a modern front, but part of the interior was built in the 9th century and is noted for its splendid proportions, lofty outline, and beautiful Gothic columns. There is a large hospital founded by Ferdinand and Isabella in 1504, and a university founded in 1504. There are many ruined convents in the city. It has numerous manufactures of hosiery, linen, cotton, silk, leather, paper, and wine, but its trade has much declined during the last four centuries. Pop. about 25,000.
SANTIAGO DE CUBA, a city, seaport, and capital of the province of the Oriente, Cuba; on a beautiful harbor opening through a narrow pass into the Caribbean Sea. It was made famous in the American-Spanish War by the splendid victory achieved by the American fleet outside of its harbor, and the later occupation of the city by American troops on the surrender of the Spanish army. The Spaniards claim that it is the oldest city in North America. It
