SCOTS 298 SCOTT cipline published (the latter event in 1578), created jealousy in the minds of regents and of sovereigns, and four or five generations of Stuart kings put forth long and determined efforts to transform Presbyterian into Episcopal government. The project cost the lives and liberties of far more people than the short, sharp Reformation struggle had done, and ended at last in failure. The Revolution settlement of 1690, re-established Presby- terianism, and the General Assembly, which had been interrupted for nearly 40 years, began again to sit and has done so annually from that time till now. Prior to the union with England in 1707, an Act of Security was passed, designed to preserve the Scotch national Church from being overthrown by S. votes. In 1712 an Act of Parliament reintro- duced patronage which had been swept away. The operation of this enactment was one main cause of these secessions; that of the Secession, pre-eminently so- called, in 1733; the Relief in 1752; and, the greatest of all, that which created the Free Church in 1843. The Church of Scotland leads the Pres- byterian denomination with a member- ship of over 700,000. It has missions in India, Africa, and elsewhere. In 1784 the Patronage Act of 1712 was repealed, and each congregation now elects its own pastor. Its chief rivals, the United Pres- byterian and the Free Church of Scot- land, were amalgamated as the United Free Church of Scotland. A small num- ber of the old Free Church members de- clined to join the union and remain an independent body. The United Free Church membership (1919) was 522,028. SCOTS. See Picts. SCOTT, EMMETT JAY, an American negro educator, born at Houston, Tex., in 1873. He was educated at Wiley Uni- versity, Marshall, Tex. After engaging in newspaper work for several years, he became the secretary of Booker T. Wash- ington, and from 1912 to 1919 was secre- tary of the Tuskegee institute. From 1919 he was secretary and treasurer of Howard University. During the World War he served as special treasurer of secretary of War to advise on matters affecting negro soldiers. He wrote "Book- er T. Washington, Builder of a Civiliza- tion" (1916) ; "The American Negro in the World War" (1919). He also con- tributed many articles to newspapers and magazines on the negro question. SCOTT, HUGH LENOX, an American military officer; born in Danville, Ky., Sept. 22, 1853; was graduated at the United States Military Academy in 1876, and detailed to duty in the West, where he served in numerous Indian campaigns till 1897, receiving honorable mention from the War Department for his gal- lantry in the "Ghost-dance" outbreak in 1891. At the beginning of the Spanish- American War he was placed in command of the 1st Army Corps; was appointed adjutant-general of the Department of Havana in 1898, and of the Department of Cuba in 1900. His other assignments included: Act- ing-Governor of Cuba, 1900-1902; Gov- ernor of the Philippines, 1903-1906; Su- perintendent United States Military Academy, 1906-1910; Lieutenant-Colonel and Colonel of Cavalry, 1911; Comman- der United States troops on southern bor- der of Texas to California, 1913-1914; assistant Chief -of-Staff, 1914; settler of trouble on Mexican border at Naco, Ariz., June, 1915; appointed Major-General, 1915; service in Mexico, 1917; Comman- der 78th Division of National Army, Camp Dix, 1917. Was active at Arras, Chalons, Passchendael Ridsre, 1917; awarded hon- orary degrees by Princeton and Co- lumbia. Besides a monograph "Sign Language of the Plains Indians," he published numerous papers. SCOTT, HUGH STOWELL, an Eng- lish novelist, writing under the pen-nam« of Henry Seton Merriman. He was born at Newcastle-upon-Tyne in 1862. His stories of adventure were widely read. They include "Phantom Future" (1889) ; "Slave of the Lamp" (1892) ; "With Edged Tools" (1894) ; "Velvet Glove" (1901) ; "The Vultures" (1902). He died in 1903. SCOTT, JAMES BROWN, an Ameri- can educator and lawyer, born in Kincar- dine, Ontario, in 1866. He graduated from Harvard in 1890. Winning the Par- ker fellowship of that university, he traveled in Europe and studied at the universities of Berlin, Heidelberg, and Paris. From 1894 to 1899 he practiced law in Los Angeles. He founded and for three years was dean of the law school of the University of Southern California. From 1899 to 1903 he was dean of the college of law at the University of Illi- nois, and for the three years following was professor of law at Columbia. From 1905 to 1906 he was professor of law at George Washington University, and from the latter year was professor of interna- tional law. From 1906 to 1911 he served as solicitor of the State Department and was counsel for the United States on many important litigations, including the North Atlantic Fisheries Arbitration be- fore The Hague. In 1909 he became lecturer on international law at Johns Hopkins University. He was appointed secretary of the Carnegie Endowment for
