SEGREGATION 327 SEINE architectural work. It consists of two rows of arches, the one resting on the other, some 2,600 feet long and 102 feet high. Wool scouring and the manufac- ture of paper, pottery, and cloth are car- ried on. Segovia was a place of impor- tance during the time of the Romans, and was frequently the residence of the kings of Castile and Leon. The unresisting town was sacked in 1808 by the French. Pop. about 15,000. SEGREGATION, in geology, that pro- cess in nature by which, when a mixed mineral mass has been deposited or accu- mulated, and left to the influence of the chemical forces always operating, certain minerals tend to separate themselves from the mass, and collect into natural cracks or blisters, either previously existing or formed during the operation. SEICHEPREY, a small village in France which gave its name to the first serious engagement between the Ameri- can troops and the Germans during the World War. Various minor engagements had already taken place, in which small forces of Americans had distinguished themselves, to the cost of the German military reputation, and it was, there- fore, decided by the German higher mili- tary authorities that the Americans must be dealt a blow of considerable magni- tude, to retrieve the bad impression al- ready made among the German public. The American sector running eastward of the famous St. Mihiel salient was chosen as the location of the punishment. Here lay the village of Seicheprey, among the rolling hills. The assault came on the Americans at this point at sunrise, on April 20, 1918. The Germans were at first successful, in that they drove the Americans out of the village, but on the following day the Americans counter- attacked, supported by the French, and drove the Germans back, the net result being a decided defeat for the Germans. SEIDEL, EMIL, an American socialist leader, born in Ashland, Pa., in 1864. From 1885 to 1893 he learned wood carv- ing in Germany. Upon his return he set- tled in Milwaukee, Wis. He became one of the organizers of the wood carvers' union and one of the founders of the local socialist party organization. In 1902 he was an unsuccessful candidate for the governorship of Wisconsin; from 1904 to 1909 he served as alderman of Milwaukee. In 1910 he was elected Mayor of Milwau- kee, being the first socialist holding this office in any city of importance in the United States. He was defeated for re- election in 1912. He was unsuccessful as the socialist candidate for the United States Vice-Presidency in 1916. SEIDL, ANTON, a Hungarian or, chestra conductor; born in Budapest, Hungary, May 6, 1850; educated in Bu- dapest and in Leipsic and Beyreuth, un- der Richter and Wagner. In 1876, on the production of the "Nibelungen" drama in Beyreuth, he was stage director. He ob- tained the position of conductor at the Leipsic Opera House in 1879 through Wagner's influence. In 1882 he made a tour of Europe as conductor of the Ni- belungen Opera Troupe. In 1883 he was appointed conductor of the Bremen Opera House, where he remained till 1885 ; when he became conductor of German opera in New York City, succeeding Dr. Leopold Damrosch. He afterward directed the con- certs of the Philharmonic Society in that city, succeeding Theodore Thomas. He died in New York City, March 28, 1898. SEIDLITZ POWDER, a mild, cooling aperient, made up in two powders, one, usually in blue paper, consisting of a mix- ture of Rochelle salt and bicarbonate of soda, and the other, in white paper, of finely powdered tartaric acid. The pow- ders are dissolved separately in water, then mixed, and the mixture taken while effervescing. It is intended to produce the same effect as Seidlitz water. SEIGNIORAGE, an ancient royalty or prerogative of the crown, whereby it claimed a percentage upon the bullion brought to the mint to be coined or to be exchanged for coin. No seigniorage is now charged for coining gold in Great Britain, but a considerable seigniorage is levied on the silver and copper currencies. As used in the United States, the term seigniorage means the profit arising from the coinage of bullion. SEINE (sen), a large net for catching such fish as mackerel and pilchard. It is often 160 to 200 fathoms long, and 6 to 10 broad, and is buoyed by corks and weighted so as to float perpendicularly. SEINE (sain), a river of France, ris- ing in the department of Cote d'Or; 20 miles N. W. of Dijon, running N. through Champagne to Troyes, where it receives the Aube, and, turning W. is joined by the Yonne, and before reaching Paris, by the Marne, becomes a larger stream, flowing from the W. At Paris the Seine varies from 300 to 500 feet in width, and it soon after receives an addition by the influx of the Oise, when, pursuing a winding course to the N. W., it passes Rouen, and dis- charges itself into the sea at Havre-de- Grace. Length, 482 miles, for 350 of which it is navigable. SEINE, the smallest, but most impor- tant and wealthiest department of France, entirely surrounded by the department
