SMITH 464 SMITH ices, and she was presented to Queen Eliz- abeth and loaded with marks of honor and gratitude. Smith published in 1608 "A True Relation of Such Occurrences and Accidents of Note as Hath Happened in Virginia Since the First Planting of That Colony." He died in London, June 21, 1631. SMITH, JOHN WALTER, American Senator; born at Snow Hill, Md., Feb. 5, 1845. In 1889 he was elected to the State Senate, and in 1895 acted as chairman of the Democratic State Committee. In 1899 he became a member of Congress; in 1900 was elected Governor of Mary- land, serving two terms. In 1908 he was elected to the United States Senate for the term ending in 1909 and was re- elected for terms 1909-1915 and 1915-1921. SMITH, JOSEPH, the founder of the Mormons; born in Sharon, Windsor co., Vt., Dec. 23, 1805. He was revered as a prophet by his followers. His parents were poor farmers who went to Palmyra, N. Y., in the hope of bettering their con- dition, taking Joseph with them, about 1815. Later the family removed to Man- chester in the same State. According to his own story regarding his earlier years, he worked hard on his father's farm. But the "oldest settlers" _ reported that the family had an aversion to hard toil of any kind and seemed inclined to lead thriftless lives, spending much time in digging for possible hidden treasure. About 1820 Joseph claimed to be a con- stant witness of supernatural visions and to be gifted with a supernatural sight. He pretended that he received in 1828 a divine revelation inscribed in mysterious hieroglyphics on golden plates which were delivered to him by an angel, and that the "Book of Mormon," which he published in 1830, was translated from those golden plates. The translation was dictated by him while he sat behind a curtain as if in the society of mysterious spiritual com- panions. He gathered a number of con- verts, and as "prophet" went with them first to Kirtland, O., and afterward to Independence, Mo. See Mormons. SMITH, JOSEPH FIELDING, a Mor- mon apostle; born in Far West, Mo., Nov. 13, 1838; drove an ox-team in the "exo- dus" of 1846 ; worked as a manual laborer in 1848-1854, and was a missionary to the Sandwich Islands in 1854-1857. He was ordained to one of the "seventies" in 1858 and to apostleship in 1866, becoming a member of the Council of 12 in 1867. He was several times a member of the Utah Legislature, and in 1882 presided over the Constitutional Convention which framed the constitution for the State of Utah; was director of Zion's Co-opera- tive Mercantile Institution and several other enterprises; and editor of the "Im- provement Era." He succeeded Lorenzo Snow as president of the Mormon Church in October, 1901. He died in 1918. SMITH (EDMUND) MUNROE, an American educator, born at Brooklyn, N. Y., in 1854. He was educated at Am- herst College, Columbia University, and at the University of Gottingen. He re- ceived honorary degrees from Columbia. Amherst and the University of Louisiana From 1880 to 1883 he was instructor and from 1883 to 1891 adjunct professor of history at Columbia University, becoming professor of Roman Law and Comparative Jurisprudence in the latter year. Begin- ning with 1901 he was also a lecturer on Roman Law at the Georgetown Law School, Washington, D. C. He was an editor of the "Political Science Quarter- ly" and wrote: "Bismarck and German Unity" (1898); "Militarism and State- craft" (1918). SMITH, NORA ARCHIBALD, an American author, born in Philadelphia, Pa. She was educated at Santa Barbara College, California, and for some years devoted herself to kindergarten work in connection with her sister, Kate Douglas Wiggin, afterward engaging in literary work. She wrote "The Children of the Future" (1898) ; "Under the Cactus Flag" (1899): "The Kindergarten in a Nut- shell" (1899) ; "The Message of Froebel" (1900); "Three Little Marys" (1902); "Nelson, the Adventurer" (1906) ; "The Adventures of a Doll" (1907); "The "Doll's Calendar" (1909); "The Home- Made Kindergarten" (1912) ; "Old, Old Tales from the Old, Old Book" (1916); "Plays and Pantomimes for Children" (1917). Also (with Kate Douglas Wig- gin) "The Story Hour" (1891); "Chil- dren's Rights" (1893) ; "Republic of Childhood" (3 volumes) ; "Froebel's Gifts" (1896) ; "Froebel's Occupations" (1896) ; "Kindergarten Principles and Practice" (1897) ; "Golden Numbers" (1902) ; "The Posy Ring" (1903); "The Fairy Ring" (1906) ; "Pinafore Palace" (1907) ; "Mag- ic Casements" (1907) ; "Tales of Laugh- ter" (1908) ; "Tales of Wonder" (1909) ; "The Talking Beasts" (1911). SMITH, SAMUEL FRANCIS, an American clergyman and religious poet; born in Boston, Mass., Oct. 21, 1808. He was the author of numerous hymns, in- cluding "America," which was written in 1832; and published for young readers and others: "Knights and Sea Kings," "Mythology and Early Greek History," and "Poor Boys Who Became Great." He died in Boston, Nov. 16, 1895. SMITH, SYDNEY, an English clergy- man; born in Woodford, Essex, England,
