RICHARDSON RICHARDSON in New York City, is a series of 47 water- color marines and landscapes, painted by him in 1871-1876. His "Wissahickon" was on exhibition at the Centennial Ex- position in 1876. In the Corcoran Art Gallery, Washington, D. C, is hung his "On the Coast of New Jersey." Among his best-known paintings in oil are: "Mid- summer" (1862) ; "Woods in June" (1864); "Land's End" (1880); "Old Ocean's Gray and Melancholy Waste" (1885). He died at Newport, R. I., Nov. 8, 1905. RICHARDSON, ABBY SAGE, an American lecturer and writer on literary topics; wife of Albert Deane Richardson; born in Massachusetts, in 1837. She first essayed the stage. Her publications in- clude: "Stories from Old English Poetry" (1871) ; "The History of Our Country to 1876" (1876) ; "Familiar Talks on Eng- lish Literature" (1881) ; "Old Love Let- ters" (1883); "Abelard and Heloise"; and a number of adaptations for the stage, principally from the French. She died in Rome, Italy, Dec. 5, 1900. RICHARDSON, BENJAMIN WARD, an English physician; born in Somerby, Leicestershire, England, in 1828; was graduated in medicine at St. Andrews University in 1854. In 1855 he edited the "Journal of Health"; and he gained the Astley Cooper prize by his treatise on "The Cause of the Coagulation of the Blood," and the Fothergillian gold medal by a disquisition on the "Diseases of the Foetus," in 1856. He originated the use of ether spray for the local abolition of pain in surgical operations, and intro- duced methylene bichloride as a general anaesthetic. He was a fellow of the Royal College of Physicians and of the Royal Society, and president of the Medical Society of London. He published several works on medicine and hygiene, and was an earnest sanitary reformer. In 1893 he was knighted and died in 1896. RICHARDSON, HENRY HOBSON, an American architect; born in New Or- leans, La., in 1838; was graduated at Harvard in 1859; entered the Ecole des Beaux Arts in Paris in 1860, where he speedily gained a reputation as a most promising pupil. In 1865 he returned to the United States, and entered on a remarkably successful professional ca- reer. He designed some of the most beau- tiful buildings in this country, notably Trinity Church, Boston; the building of the Boston and Albany railroad, at Springfield, the Albany city hall, the Buf- falo Lunatic Asylum, the Cambridge Law Schools, and the new capitol in Albany. He died in Boston, Mass., April 28, 1886. RICHARDSON, HODDEN CHESTER, an American naval officer, born at Shamo- kin. Pa., in 1878. He graduated from the United States Naval Academy in 1901 and from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1907. In 1904 he became assistant naval constructor, and in 1912, naval constructor. From 1915 to 1917 he was a member and secretary of the National Advisory Commission for Aero- nautics. During the World War he ren- dered valuable services in connection with aeroplane construction and in May, 1919, served as the pilot of the NC-3 on the trans-Atlantic flight. He was a member of the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers. RICHARDSON, SIR JOHN, a British naturalist and Arctic traveler; born in Dumfries, Scotland, Nov. 5, 1787. After studying medicine at the University of Edinburgh he entered the royal navy, in 1807, as assistant-surgeon. He served on various stations till 1819, and was surgeon and naturalist to the Arctic ex- peditions of 1819-1822 and 1825-1827, under Sir John Franklin, exploring on the latter occasion the shores of the Arc- tic Ocean between the Mackenzie and Cop- permine rivers. He wrote "Geognostical Observations" as an appendix to the "Narrative" published by Franklin (1829, London), and edited, along with Kirby and Swainson, the "Fauna Boreali-Ameri- cana" (4 vols. 1829-1837). In 1838 he was appointed physician to the fleet, and in 1846 was knighted. In March, 1848, he took charge of an expedition to search for Franklin, and on his return pub- lished "The Arctic Searching Expedition" (1851) and "The Polar Regions" (1861). He died near Grasmere, England, June 5, 1865. RICHARDSON, SAMUEL, an Eng- lish novelist; born in Derbyshire, in 1689. He was the son of a joiner. The man who was afterward the moralist of Salis- bury Court was as a boy the "Gravity" and "Serious" of his school-fellows; the novelist who penned the interminable epistles of Clarissa and Harriet Byron was as a youth the favored and inde- fatigable amanuensis of half the girls in the neighborhood, acquiring in this artless office something of that strange knowl- edge of the minuter mechanism of the feminine mind which is so conspicuous a feature of his genius. He says of him- self that he had only "Common school- learning"; but he appears to have been at Christ's Hospital. In 1706, at the age of 16, he was bound by his own wish to John Wilde of Stationers' Hall, a printer, with whom he served the usual period, ultimately completing the orthodox pro- gram of exemplary apprenticeship by
