RICHEPIN 42 RICHMOND Cumberland to submit to the capitulation of Klosterseven, and devastated the elec- torate of Hanover. In 1781, he obtained the rank of dean of the French marshals ; and he concluded his long career, varied with acts of heroism and villainy, in 1788. RICHEPIN, JEAN, a French poet and novelist; born in Medeah, Algiers, Feb. 4, 1849. He first attracted attention by his volume of poems "The Song of the Beggar" (1876), which sent him to prison where he wrote "Curious Deaths" (1887). A most audacious writer, he was faithful to his principles, or the lack of them. They include: "Caresses" (1877); "Blas- phemies" (1884); and "The Sea" (1886), in verse; "Mme. Andre" (1878); "Brave Men" (1888) ; "The Cadet" (1890) ; "La route d'emeraude" (1909) ; the dramas "Monsieur Scapin" (1886); "The Fili- buster" (1888) ; and "By the Sword" (1892). He was elected to the French Academy in 1908. RICHMOND, a city of California, in Contra Costa co. It is on the Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe and the Southern Pacific railroads. Its situation on the west side of San Francisco Bay, with a frontage of 6 miles of deep water, make it an excellent shipping point. It is the center of the oil region of the Pacific coast, and is the terminus of the Standard Oil pipe lines. It contains large oil re- fineries. Its other industries include rail- way repair shops, pipe and steel works, porcelain factories, brick works, foun- dries, stone quarries, etc. The city has a park, a library, excellent school buildings, and a city hall. Pop. (1910) 6,802; (1920) 16,843. RICHMOND, a city and county-seat of Wayne co., Ind. ; on the Whitewater river, and on the Chesapeake and Ohio of Indiana, the Grand Rapids and In- diana, the Ohio Electric, and the Pitts- burgh, Cincinnati, Chicago, and St. Louis railroads; 69 miles E. of Indianapolis. The Friends have the institutions, Earl- ham College and Friends' Academy. The city is also the place of the Yearly Meet- ing of the Orthodox Friends of Indiana. It has electric street railroads, gas and electric lights, waterworks, State Hospi- tal for the Insane, Reid Memorial Hos- pital, a high school, National and private banks, and a number of daily, weekly, and monthly periodicals. Richmond has many industries, including flour and lum- ber mills, and manufactories of clothing, paper bags, paper, pianos, tile, automo- biles, office furniture, desks, church furni- ture, boilers, traction engines, steam engines, carriages and wagons, bicycles, lawn mowers, plows, threshing machines, grain drills, etc. The city was founded by a colony of Friends in 1815. Pop. (1910) 22,324; (1920) 26,765. RICHMOND, county-seat of Madison co., Ky.; 25 miles S. E. of Lexington. It is famous as the scene of one of the fiercest battles of the Civil War. The Confederate general, E. Kirby Smith, in command of 18,000 troops, attacked a much larger Union army under command of Gens. M. D. Manson and William Nelson, and after a three hours' battle utterly defeated the Union forces, whose loss, including killed, wounded and prison- ers, was 5,000. The town contains the Central University and the Madison Female Institute. Pop. (1910) 5,340; (1920) 5,622. RICHMOND, a city, port of entry, capital of the State of Virginia, and county-seat of Henrico co. ; on the James river, and on the Southern, the Richmond, Fredericksburg, and Potomac, the At- lantic Coast Line, and the Chesapeake and Ohio and Seaboard Air Line, and other railroads; 116 miles S. W. of Wash- ington, D. C. The city is about 127 miles from the ocean. The James river is navi- gable for large vessels and there is steam- boat communication with Philadelphia, New York, Portsmouth, Norfolk and other Atlantic ports. The city is built on seven hills, and is surrounded by beautiful scenery. Business Interests. — There are over 600 manufacturing establishments. In 1919 over $93,000,000 was invested in manu- facturing establishments, which yielded sales of over $155,000,000. The chief industries are tobacco, iron, paper manu- facturing, printing and publishing, and flour. The leading commercial institu- tions are the Chamber of Commerce, Corn and Flour Exchange, the Tobacco Ex- change, and the Stock Exchange. It is the seat of a Federal Reserve Bank and other National banks. The total banking resources in 1919 were nearly $185,000,- 000. There are many daily, weekly, monthly, and other periodicals. The as- sessed property valuation exceeds $230,- 000,000, and the total bonded debt is about $14,250,000. Public Interests. — The city covers an area of 26 square miles. The streets are lighted by gas and electricity. There is a public school enrollment of over 35,000. There are 42 public schools, and many private and parochial schools. In the city are a medical college, a theologi- cal seminary, a municipal mechanical training school, a women's college, Rich- mond College, and two colleges for colored students. The capitol, which stands on Shockoe Hill, and is surrounded by most of the other public buildings, is an im-
