are widely distributed, 24 States and Territories reporting them; but California, Colorado, Nevada, Montana, Arizona, South Dakota, and Utah produce the larger part; Nevada alone about one-half. Nevada, Utah, and Arizona yield more silver than gold.
Flora and Fauna.—The indigenous plants of the United States are estimated at about 5,000 species, California alone producing at least 2,500. The potato, the tobacco plant, and maize, now so familiar in Europe, have all been introduced from the United States or Mexico. The United States is especially rich in valuable timber trees, of which no less than 120 species, growing in sufficient quantities to be of commercial importance, attain a height of 100 feet and upward. Of these 12 species reach an altitude of 200 feet, and 5 or 6 exceed 300 feet. Hickory, magnolia, liquidamber, sassafras, and sequoia trees (to which species belong the giant trees of California), found only in a fossil state in the Old World, abound in the United States, as well as palmetto, tulip tree, cypress, cottonwood, live oak, and other oaks, and a number of trees more or less closely resembling the common species of western Europe, to which the same names have been given.
Agriculture and Live Stock.—For the aggregate acreage, production, and values of the principal agricultural crops, see Agriculture, the several State and Territorial articles, and the individual crop articles. For the production and manufacture of Cotton see article thereon. Manufactures in respect to product constitute the leading industry of the United States, and their importance is increasing more rapidly than that of agriculture. The manufacturing section is situated mainly in the North Atlantic States, spreading with diminishing importance W., following closely the distribution of the urban population. About half of the manufactured product comes from the nine States included in the North Atlantic group, and about one-third from the North Central States.
Manufactures.—The following table presents a summary of the manufacturing interests of the United States in 1899, 1904, 1909 and 1914:
| Group | Year | Establishments | Average Wage Earners |
Cost of Materials— Amount |
Value of Products |
Value Added by Manufacture |
| Food and kindred products | 1899 | 41,247 | 301,868 | $1,782,863,000 | $2,199,204,000 | $416,341,000 |
| 1904 | 45,857 | 354,046 | 2,306,121,000 | 2,845,556,000 | 539,435,000 | |
| 1909 | 55,364 | 411,575 | 3,187,803,000 | 3,937,618,000 | 749,815,000 | |
| 1914 | 59,317 | 496,234 | 3,828,512,000 | 4,816,709,000 | 988,197,000 | |
| Textiles | 1899 | 17,647 | 1,022,123 | 894,846,000 | 1,628,606,000 | 733,760,000 |
| 1904 | 17,042 | 1,166,305 | 1,246,562,000 | 2,147,441,000 | 900,879,000 | |
| 1909 | 21,723 | 1,438,446 | 1,745,516,000 | 3,060,199,000 | 1,314,683,000 | |
| 1914 | 22,995 | 1,498,664 | 1,993,058,000 | 3,414,615,000 | 1,421,557,000 | |
| Iron and steel and their products | 1899 | 14,082 | 745,235 | 1,000,949,000 | 1,819,478,000 | 818,529,000 |
| 1904 | 14,431 | 868,634 | 1,190,794,000 | 2,199,776,000 | 1,008,982,000 | |
| 1909 | 17,292 | 1,026,553 | 1,799,942,000 | 3,164,472,000 | 1,364,530,000 | |
| 1914 | 17,719 | 1,061,058 | 1,762,313,000 | 3,223,144,000 | 1,460,831,000 | |
| Lumber and its manufactures | 1899 | 34,954 | 671,696 | 480,930,000 | 1,007,532,000 | 526,602,000 |
| 1904 | 32,501 | 734,136 | 517,501,000 | 1,219,749,000 | 702,248,000 | |
| 1909 | 48,539 | 911,593 | 717,833,000 | 1,588,274,000 | 870,441,000 | |
| 1914 | 42,036 | 833,529 | 762,350,000 | 1,599,710,000 | 837,360,000 | |
| Leather and its finished products | 1899 | 5,625 | 248,626 | 396,633,000 | 582,048,000 | 185,415,000 |
| 1904 | 5,318 | 264,459 | 480,221,000 | 724,391,000 | 244,170,000 | |
| 1909 | 5,728 | 309,766 | 669,874,000 | 992,713,000 | 322,839,000 | |
| 1914 | 6,758 | 307,060 | 753,135,000 | 1,104,595,000 | 351,460,000 | |
| Paper and printing | 1899 | 26,627 | 298,744 | 214,566,000 | 607,907,000 | 393,341,000 |
| 1904 | 30,803 | 351,640 | 309,012,000 | 859,814,000 | 550,802,000 | |
| 1909 | 34,828 | 415,990 | 451,239,000 | 1,179,285,000 | 728,046,000 | |
| 1914 | 37,196 | 452,900 | 580,715,000 | 1,456,046,000 | 875,331,000 | |
| Liquors and beverages | 1899 | 5,740 | 55,120 | 93,815,000 | 382,898,000 | 289,083,000 |
| 1904 | 6,379 | 68,338 | 1?9,849,000 | 501,254,000 | 361,405,000 | |
| 1909 | 7,347 | 77,827 | 186,128,000 | 674,311,000 | 488,183,000 | |
| 1914 | 7,562 | 88,152 | 246,188,000 | 772,080,000 | 525,892,000 | |
| Chemicals and allied products | 1899 | 8,928 | 196,538 | 451,457,000 | 761,691,000 | 310,234,000 |
| 1904 | 9,826 | 227,326 | 633,919,000 | 1,075,519,000 | 441,600,000 | |
| 1909 | 12,060 | 267,261 | 931,045,000 | 1,526,599,000 | 595,554,000 | |
| 1914 | 12,374 | 299,569 | 1,289,348,000 | 2,001,634,000 | 712,286,000 | |
| Stone, clay, and glass products | 1899 | 11,524 | 231,716 | 85,137,000 | 270,650,000 | 185,513,000 |
| 1904 | 10,773 | 285,346 | 123,067,000 | 391,148,000 | 268,081,000 | |
| 1909 | 16,168 | 342,827 | 183,792,000 | 531,737,000 | 347,945,000 | |
| 1914 | 14,747 | 334,702 | 238,734,000 | 614,162,000 | 375,428,000 | |
