USHER in 1794. The first was indecisive; in the second Lord Howe gained a great victory. USHER, NATHANIEL REILLY, an American naval officer, born in Vin- cennes, Ind., in 1855. He was graduated from the United States Naval Academy in 1875, was promoted ensign in 1876 and gradually rose to the rank of rear admiral in 1911. During the Spanish- American War he commanded the "Erics- son." His other assignments included service with General Board, Navy De- partment (1903-1904) ; Bureau of Navi- gation (1904-1906) ; "St. Louis" (1906- 1908) ; Bureau of Navigation (1908- 1909) ; "Michigan" (1910-1911) ; presi- dent of the Naval Examining and Re- tiring Board (1911-1912) ; command of the 4th Division Atlantic Fleet (1912) ; 2d Division (1912-1913) ; 3d Division (1913); Norfolk Navy Yard (1913- 1914) ; and New York Navy Yard (1914- 1918). He was retired on account of age in April, 1919. USHER, ROLAND GREEN, an Amer- ican educator and historian, bom at Lynn, Mass., in 1880. He was educated at Harvard, Oxford, Paris, and Cam- bridge Universities. His entire career as a teacher of history was spent at Washington University, St. Louis, Mo., where he was successively instructor of history (1907-1910) ; assistant professor (1910-1912) ; associate professor (1912- 1914) ; and full professor since 1914. He was a member of various historical and educational societies and wrote: "Pres- bjrterian Movement in the Reign of Queen Elizabeth" (1905); "The Recon- struction of the English Church" (1910) ; "Pan-Germanism" (1913) ; "The Rise and Fall of the High Commission" (1913) ; "The Rise of the American People" (1914) ; "Pan-Americanism" (1915) ; "The Challenge of the Future" (1916) ; "A Critical Study of the His- torical Method of Samuel Rawson Gar- diner" (1916) ; "The Winning of the War" (1918) ; "The Pilgrims and Their History" (1918); "The Story of the Great War" (1919). USK, a river of Wales and England which enters the estuary of the Severn SV2 miles S. of Newport, and 18 miles N. W. of Bristol; length, 60 miles. USKUP, or SKOPLJE, Jugoslavia, in the department of the same name ; on the Vardar river, and on the Salonika-Mitro- vitza railway, 110 miles N. N. W. of Salonika. It is the seat of an archbishop, and has manufactures of leather, and a pop. of about 50,000. USSHER, JAMES, an Irish clergy- man, archbishop of Arma2;h; born in Dublin, Ireland, Jan. 4, 1581. He was 142 USURY the first student of Trinity College, Dub- lin; ordained 1601. In 1612 he published "The Unbroken Succession of Christian Churches, Especially in the West." In 1615 he was employed to draw up the articles for the Irish Established Church. He corresponded extensively with Euro- pean scholars, and employed persons to visit the East for the purchase of manu- scripts; two of the most valuable ob- tained were the Samaritan Pentateuch and the Old Testament in Syriac. In 1639 he printed his "Antiquities of the British Churches." His principal other works are: "Tracts on Episcopacy"; "The Power of the Prince and the Obe- dience of the Subject"; "Annals of the Old and New Testament," containing his famous scheme of Biblical chronology — followed without authority, by the prin- ters of the "Authorized Version of the Bible." The volume entitled, "A Body of Divinity" (1854, folio) was compiled without his consent from his sermons and notes. He died March 21, 1656; and he was buried in Westminster Abbey. His library was given to Trinity College, Dublin. USSURI, a river of eastern Asia, a tributary of the Amur; forming for a long distance the boundary between Rus- sian and Chinese territories; length, 450 miles. USUFRUCT, in law, the temporary use and enjoyment of lands or tenements, or the right of receiving the fruits and profits of land, or other things, without having the right to alienate or change the property. USURY, an excessive or exorbitant in- terest or premium paid, or stipulated to be paid, for the loan of money. Also the practice of lending money at interest ; the practice of taking interest for money lent; specifically, the practice of taking exorbitant or excessive interest for the loan of money; the practice of exacting interest in an exorbitant way from needy or extravagant borrowers. In the an- cient world, interest was always usuri- ous as it is in the East at the present day. The Mosaic Law prohibited taking interest from Hebrews (Exod. xxii: 25; Levit. XXV : 35-37; Deut. xxiii: 20); and Christ's words, "Give to him that asketh thee" (Matt, v: 42), seem to be of still wider application. The Fathers regarded interest as usury, and therefore as a species of robbery; and this opinion pre- vailed in the Church till the 16th cen- tury, and numbered Luther and Melanch- thon among its defenders. Calvin ap- pears to have been the first theologian who propounded the modern distinction between interest and usury.
