WAR LABOR POLICIES BOARD 291 WARNER many of the divisions of the board had already been disbanded, but provision was made for the continuance of certain of the board's activities by other de- partments of the Government. The War Trade Board took over the duties of the Division of Planning and Statistics. The Bureau of Markets of the Department of Agriculture took over the powers and duties of the Wool Division of the Board. The Price Fixing Committee was still held as being capable of doing valuable work. It was commissioned to continue performing its functions until all the prices fixed by the committee and not ex- piring by Jan. 1, 1919, had expired. Such other divisions of the War Indus- tries Board as could not be dispensed with were reorganized and placed under the War Trade Board, the expenditure on behalf of which, it was arranged, would be paid out of the appropriations of the War Industries Board. The Board had justified its existence fi-om the beginning. It served in creating order out of the industrial confusion that followed the earlier part of the war. It was a development of the advisory com- mission of the Council of National De- fense whose duty it was to settle ques- tions of priority, the distribution of sup- plies, and the elimination of wasteful competitive bidding for labor and ma- terials. This Advisory Commission had, in March 1917, organized committees of transportation and communication; mu- nitions and manufacturing; supplies; raw materials, minerals and metals; en- gineering and education; labor; and medicine and surgery. The reorganiza- tion of the commission as the War In- dustries Board greatly streng^thened the work. The board constituted for Ameri- ran industry an element similar to that of the general staff in an aimy. It stand- ardized the products, made labor more efficient, and had a reorganizing influence in almost every division of the industries of the country. When it was dissolved it had introduced methods that became per- manent, and as a result of it services were established that have proved useful in the period of reconstruction. WAR LABOR POLICIES BOARD, a union of bureaus under the Secretary of Labor during the war with matters of employment, housing, wage adjustments, and the like. It was formed in May, 1918, as the result of advice given by an advisory labor council called together for that purpose. The duty of the board was to co-ordinate the industrial services represented by the numerous other or- ganizations that were assisting the Gov- ernment. Its aim was to standardize conditions of employment, to investigate questions involving wages, hours, the dis- tribution of labor and the arrangement of working conditions. Committees were formed on inquiry, Government contract clauses, recruiting, exemption of skilled labor, centralization of industrial statis- tics, and the like. It succeeded in estab- lishing a national system of labor ex- changes, and in standardizing wages in several important industries. It was dis- solved in February 1919, its staff hav- ing been greatly reduced by that time, and the funds necessary for its support not being forthcoming, when the Labor Appropriations Bill failed to pass. WARM-BLOODED ANIMALS, the name given to mammalia and aves or birds, in contradistinction to fishes, am- phibians, and reptilia, as lower verte- brata, and to all invertebrate animals. In the latter, the blood is only a degree or two warmer than the medium in which they live, while in mammals and birds the blood greatly exceeds the outer tem- perature in heat. The average mam- malian temperature varies from 99° F. to 100° F., as in man and his nearest allies, to 103° F. in the whales. In birds, which are the warmest-blooded animals, the lowest temperature is about 104° F., and may range to 110° or 112° F. This would represent an excessive fever heat in man. In hibernating animals the temperature falls considerably, as the tissue waste is reduced to its minimum. The production of heat depends on the union of oxygen in the blood with car- bon and hydrogen in the tissues; ac- tive habits, as in birds, demanding a large supply of oxygen, and producing heat accordingly. WARNECK, GITSTAV ADOLF (var' nek), a German theologian; born in Naumburg, March 6, 1834. He wrote: "Missions in the Light of the Bible" (1878) ; "The Relations between Mis- sions and Modern Civilization" (1879) ; "The Mission in Pictures from its His- tory" (1884) ; "Sketch of the History of Missions from the Reformation to the Present Time"; "The Ultramontane Art of Fence" (1889) ; "The Romanism of Today in the Light of its Missions to the Heathen" (1889) ; "The Evangelical Al- liance and its Opponents" (1889) ; "Po- sition of the Evangelical Mission Toward the Question of Slavery" (1889). He died in 1910. WARNER, ANNA BARTLETT, pen name Amy Lothrop, an American au- thor; born in New York, in 1820. In con- junction with her sister, Susan Warner, she published the novels "Say and Seal" (1860) ; "Wych Hazel" (1876) ; and "The Gold of Chickaree" (1876). Among hei
