WARSHIPS 296 WABTON Poles; but it was, in the following year, retaken. As a result of its position, the city was especially exposed during the World War. It was strongly protected by the Narev river and by a string of strong fortresses and several attempts of the Austro-German forces to capture it failed. In 1915, however, after the fall of the Narev fortresses, the city was evacuated by the Russians and it was occupied on Aug. 5, 1915, by Austro- German troops, who held it until the end of the war. Pop. (1919) about 820,000. See Poland. WARSHIPS. See Navy: Battleship. WART, known in surgery by the Latin name Ver)'ucse, a collection of lengthened papillae of the skin, closely adherent and ensheathed by a thick cov- ering of hard-dry cuticle. From friction and exposure to the air the surface pre- sents a horny texture, and is rounded off into a small button-like shape. Such is the description of the simple wart, which is so commonly seen on the hands and fingers (and rarely on the face or else- where) of persons of all ages, but espe- cially of children. Among other va- rieties of warts are (1) one to which the term Verruca digitata has been ap- plied. It is more elongated in shape, and less protected by cuticle than the pre- ceding. It is said to occur nowhere but on the scalp of women of adult age, and sometimes to occasion great annoyance in brushing and combing the hair. (2) Subungual warts, growing, as their spe- cific name implies, beneath or at the side of the finger or toe nails. They origi- nate beneath the nail, and as they in- crease they crop out either at the free extremity or the side of the nail, and are usually troublesome, and often very painful. They are generally of syphi- litic origin. (3) Venereal warts, caused by the direct irritation of the discharges of gonorrhoea or syphilis, and occurring about the parts which are liable to be polluted with such discharges. They at- tain a larger size, and are more fleshy and vascular than other warts. WARTBURG, CASTLE OF, a notable structure in Eisenach, Saxe-Weimar, on an eminence rising 600 feet above the town, engirt by forests, founded in 1067, and till 1440 the residence of the Land- grave of Thuringia. It is famous as the spot where the Minnesingers (g. v.) assembled to hold a poetic contest ("the war of the Wartburg") about 1207; as the home of St. Elizabeth (1211-1227) ; and as the 10 months' asylum to which Luther was carried by the Elector of Saxony (May, 1521). The chapel in which Luther preached, as wall as the chamber which he occupied, and in which he discomfited the Evil One by throwing the inkstand at his head, is still pointed out. The whole pile has been magnifi- cently restored since 1851. WARTHE, the principal tributary of the Oder river; rises near Kromolov, in Poland; flows N.; at Kolo turns to the W. ; at Schrimm again to the N. ; at Obornik to the W.; at the influx of the Obra finally to the N. ; at the influx of the Netze enters on the Wartebruch, a swampy tract 46 miles long by 9 wide, and joins the Oder at Kiistrin, where it is 640 feet broad. Its tributaries are, from the right the Netze and Kiiddow, from the left the Prosna and Obra. Its total length is 487 miles. WART HOG, African hog of the genus Phacochcerns. These hogs re- semble the true hogs in most of their characters, and particularly in their feet, but remarkably differ from them in their dentition: The number of teeth is much WART HOG reduced; the canines become the large tusks, and in the adult the last molar only is found in each jaw, which grows to an enormous size as in the elephant. WARTON, JOSEPH, an English clergj'man, critic, and editor; born in Dunsfold, England, in 1722. He wrote: "Odes on Various Subjects" (1746); a poetical translation of the "Eclogues and Georgics of Vergir'(1753; 24 crit- ical papers to the "Adventurer" (1753- 1756) ; an "Essay on the Genius and Writings of Pope" (2 vols. 1757-1782). He edited the works of Pope (9 vols., 1797) ; and the works of Dryden (4 vols., 1811; completed after his death). He died in Wickham, Feb. 23, 1800. WARTON, THOMAS, an English poet and critic, son of the Rev. Thomas Warton, Professor of Poetry at Oxford; born in Basingstoke, England, in 1728. He was educated at Winchester, and Ox- ford, and early distinguished himself by his poetical compositions and criticisms. He was chosen Professor of Poetry at Oxford in 1757, a chair he filled with great ability for 10 years; appointed
