TKUMBULL 19 TRUMPETER Later he was associated with Joel Bar- low and others in the production of "The Anarchiad" (1786-1787). His "Poetical Works" were published at Hartford, Conn., in 1820. He died in Detroit, Mich., May 10, 1831. TRUMBULL, JOHN, an American artist; born in Lebanon, Conn., June 6^ 1756; grandson of the first Jonathan Trumbull; was graduated at Harvard College in 1773 ; studied painting in Bos- ton; served in the Revolutionary War on the staffs of Generals Washington and Gates; and in 1780 went to England to become a pupil of Benjamin West, but was arrested on a charge of treason and forced to leave the country. On the con- clusion of peace he returned to England and resumed his studies under West. In 1786 he produced his first historical pic- ture, the "Battle of Bunker Hill" ; which was soon followed by the "Death of Montgomery Before Quebec" and the well known "Sortie of the Garrison from Gibraltar." After serving for several years as a secretary to John Jay, the American minister to England, and as a commissioner to execute the seventh article of Jay's treaty, he returned to his profession. In 1817 he was employed by Congress to paint four pictures for the rotunda of the Capitol at Washing- ton. For these works, which represented "The Declaration of Independence," the "Surrender of Burgoyne," the "Sur- render of Cornwallis," and the "Resigna- tion of Washington at Annapolis," he received $32,000. Subsequently he was for many years engaged in finishing former sketches and painting copies of the National pictures, many of which, to- gether with portraits and several copies of old masters, 54 pictures in all, he gave to Yale College in consideration of an annuity of $1,000. He died in New York City, Nov. 10, 1843. TRUMBULL, JONATHAN, an Amer- ican patriot; born in Lebanon, Conn., Oct. 12, 1710 ; was graduated at Harvard in 1727; was successively judge, deputy- governor, and governor (1769-1783) of Connecticut; and took a very prominent part in forwarding the Revolutionary War. Washington placed great reliance on him, and frequently consulted him; to this habit, and his phrase, often re- peated when in doubt, "Let us hear what Brother Jonathan says," has been traced the name which stands (though not so generally now as "Uncle Sam") for a personification of the United States as "John Bull" does for England. Trum- bull died Aug. 17, 1785. TRUMBULL, LYMAN, an American statesman; born in Colchester, Conn,, Oct 12, 1813; removed to Belleville, 111., in 1837; became secretary of state of Illinois in 1841; and justice of the Su- preme Court of the State in 1848. In 1854 he was elected to Congress as a Democrat, and in 1855 was chosen United States senator. He joined the Republican party on the anti-slavery principle, in 1860, and supported Abra- ham Lincoln; was re-elected to the Sen- ate; secured the passage of the Four- teenth Amendment; and was one of the Republicans who voted against the im- peachment of Andrew Johnson. Later, he became a Democrat. He died in Chicago, 111., June 25, 1896. TRUMPET, in music, a metal wind instrument of bright and penetrating tone, formed of a single tube of brass or silver, curved into a convenient shape, with a mouthpiece at one end, the other having a bell. Its part is usually writ- ten in the key of c with the treble clef, though by means of crooks or lengthen- ing pieces the sounds produced may be in various keys. The trumpet required for a piece is indicated at the commence- ment, as trumpet in B, c, D flat, E, F, or G. The modern orchestral or slide trumpet consists of a tube 66% inches in length and three-eighths of an inch in diameter. It is twice turned or curved, thus form- ing three lengths; the first and third lying close together, and the second about two inches apart. The slide is connected with the second curve. It is a double tube, five inches in lengrth on each side, by which the length of the whole in- strument can be extended. Trumpets with pistons or valves capable of pro- ducing every chromatic sound within their compass are sometimes used, but the tone is by no means to be compared with the true trumpet tone. Also, a stop of an organ having reed pipes tuned in unison with the open diapason. The octave trumpet or clarion stop is an octave higher. TRUMPETER, in ichthyology, the Latris hecateia, one of the most impor- tant food fishes of the Southern Hemis- phere. It ranges from 30 to 60 pounds in weight, and is considered by the col- onists the best flavored of any of the fishes of New Zealand^ Tasmania, and south Australia. Large numbers are smoked and sent into the interior. In ornithology, any species of the genus Psophia. They are South American birds, allied to the crane, inhabiting the forests, frequenting the ground in search of grain for food, and often betraying their presence by their loud call, whence both their popular and scientific names are derived. The best known species,
