WELLS 337 WELLS with Soult and Berthier. In May the triumphant general was created Marquis of Douro and Duke of Wellington, with an annuity of $50,000, commuted after- ward for $2,000,000. He received the thanks of both Houses of Parliament. In July he went as ambassador to France, and succeeded Lord Castlereagh as British representative in the Con- gress of Vienna. In April he took com- mand of the army assembled in the Netherlands to oppose Napoleon (see France: Napoleon I.: Waterloo, Battle of). On his return to England after the restoration of peace he re- ceived a vote of $1,000,000 for the pur- chase of the estate of Strathfieldsaye, to be held on presenting a colored flag at Windsor on the 18th of June each year. With the return of peace he resumed the career of politics. He accepted the post of master-general of the ordnance with a seat in the cabinet of Lord Liver- pool in January, 1819. In 1822 he repre- sented Great Britain in the Congress of Vienna. In 1826 he was appointed high- constable of the Tower. On Jan. 22, 1827, he succeeded the Duke of York as Commander-in-Chief of the forces. On Jan. 8, 1828, he accepted the premier- ship, resigning the command of the forces to Lord Hill. In January, 1829, he was appointed governor of Dover Castle, and lord warden of the Cinque Ports. In 1830 repeated motions for parliamentary reform were defeated, but the growing discontent throughout the country on this subject and a defeat in Parliament caused the resignation of the government in November. His opposi- tion to reform made the duke so un- popular that he was assaulted by the mob June 18, 1832, and his life endan- gered. He accepted ofiice under Sir Rob- ert Peel in 1834-1841, and again in 1846, when he helped to carry the repeal of the coi*n laws, which till then he had opposed. In 1842 he resumed the com- mand of the forces on the death of Lord Hill. He died in Walmer Castle, Sept. 14, 1852. WELLS, a city in Somerset, England; at the foot of the Mendip Hills ; 20 miles S. W. of Bath and 20 miles S. of Bristol. Here, near St. Andrew's Well, from which and other springs the place took its name. King Ina in 1704 established a house of secular canons; but the see was first founded in 909 by Edward the Elder, and the city has grown up round the cathedral. The see was translated to Bath during the first half of the 12th century, and still is styled Bath and Wells, though Bath's connection has been purely titular since the Reformation. Among its 70 bishops have been Jocelin (1206-1242), the "second founder" of the cathedral, Fox, Wolsey, Barlow, Laud, and Ken. That cathedral, though one of the smallest yet perhaps the most beautiful of English cathedrals, is mainly Early English in style, and is 371 feet long, by 123 across the transept, while the height of the central tower is 160 feet, of the two W. towers 130. Other buildings, all of extreme interest, are the moated episcopal palace, with an undercrypt of about 1220; the deanery, rebuilt by Dean Gunthorpe in the reign of Edward IV.; the archdeaconry, now remodeled as a theological college; the gateways and St. Cuthbert's Church, with a noble W. tower. It was chartered by King John in 1202. Pop. about 5,000. WELLS, DAVID AMES, an Ameri- can political economist; born in Spring- field, Mass., June 17, 1828; was gradu- ated at Williams College in 1847, and at the Lawi'ence Scientific School in 1851; and became assistant professor in the latter institution. In 1866 he was made the chairman of a commission to devise the best means to raise money for the government; in 1866-1870 was a special commissioner of revenue; and in 1879 was appointed a member of the Board of Arbitration for Railroads. His publica- tions include: "Our Burden and Our Strength" (1864); "The Creed of the Free Trader" (1875) ; "Why We Trade and How We Trade" (1878) ; "The Sil- ver Question, or the Dollar of the Fathers vs. the Dollar of the Sons" (1878) ; "Our Merchant Marine; How it Rose, In- creased, became Great, Declined, and De- cayed" (1882); "Relation of Tariff to Wages" (1888) ; etc. He died in Nor- wich, Conn., Nov. 5, 1898. WELLS, HEBBERT GEORGE, an English novelist; born in Bromley, Kent, England, Sept. 21, 1866; was edu- cated at the Royal College of Science, London. Starting as a teacher in London, he became a journalist there. He wrote: "The Time Machine" (1895) ; "Select Conversations with an Uncle" (1895); "The Wonderful Visit" (1895); a humorous satire; "The Island of Dr. Moreau" (1896); "The Wheels of Chance" (1896): "Thirty Strange Stories" (1897) ; "The Invisible Man" (1897) ; "The War of the Worlds" (1898) ; "Tales of Space and Time" (1899) ; "Love and Mr. Levi^isham" (1900) ; "Tono Bungay" (1909) ; "His- tory of Mr. Polly" (1910) ; "The World Set Free" (1914) ; "The Research Mag- nificent" (1915) ; "Mr. Britling Sees It Through" (1916) ; "The Soul of a Bish- op" (1917); "Joan and Peter" (1918); "Outline of History" (1920). Wells
