WHEELER 350 WHIG sioned Major-General and senior com- mander of cavalry. He won great dis- tinction during the Civil War as a raider. On Oct. 2, 1863, he crossed the Tennes- see river and led 4,000 mounted men up the Sequatchie valley, where he burned a Union supply train of nearly 1,000 wagons ; and was afterward attacked and forced to withdraw by Col. E. M. Mc- Cook. He then moved to McMinnville, where he destroyed another supply train and captured about 600 men. Gen. George Crook attacked him at Farmington, cap- turing 200 of his men, four guns, and 1,000 small arms. Wheeler then crossed the Tennessee, having taken property of an estimated value of $3,000,000, but with a loss of 2,000 men. In July, 1864, he was ordered with 8,000 men to harass General Sherman's rear. In August he moved against Sherman's supply depot at Allatoona, but was repulsed. Later he made a dash into East Tennessee and threatened McMinnville, Murfreesboro, and Lebanon, but was driven into north- ern Alabama. After the war he entered the law profession; held a seat in Con- gress in 1881-1899; and was made Major- General of volunteers in May, 1898. During the Santiago campaign in Cuba he commanded the Cavalry Division ; par- ticipated in the battles of Las Guasimas and San Juan Hill; was appointed senior member of the commission to make ar- rangements for the surrender of the Spanish army; served in the Philippines as commander of the 1st Brigade, 2d Division, from August, 1899, to Janu- ary, 1900; was appointed a Brigadier- General, U. S. A., June 16, 1900. and was retired on Sept. 10, following. He died in 1906. WHEELER, WILLIAM ALMON, an American statesman; born in Malone, N. Y., June 30, 1819. He was admitted to the bar in 1845; in 1857 he became a banker and was also connected with the management of railroads. He was a member and president pro tem... of the State Senate, 1858-1859; and was elected to Congress in 1860, serving only one term; was president of the State Consti- tutional Convention in 1867; served in Congress from 1869-1877; was chairman of the committee on the Pacific railroad company. He was the first member of Congress to return his "back pay." He settled the Louisiana difficulties by the bill called the "Wheeler Compromise.*' In 1876 he was nominated for Vice-Presi- dent by the Republican party and was elected. He died in Malone, June 4, 1887. WHEELING, a city and county-seat of Ohio CO., W. Va. ; on the Ohio river, and on the Wheeling and Lake Erie, the Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, Chicago and St. Louis, the Ohio River, the Baltimore and Ohio, and the Wheeling and Lake Erie railroads; 65 miles S. W. of Pittsburgh, Pa. Part of the city is on an island in the river, connected with the main part by bridges. Here are a United States Government building, court house, public library, Masonic and Odd Fellows' halls, Wheeling and city hospitals, waterworks, street railroad and electric light plants. National, State, and savings banks, and a number of daily, weekly, and monthly periodicals. Manufacturing is greatly promoted by the natural gas and bitu- minous coal found abundantly in the vicinity. The principal plants include steel and iron works, blast furnaces, glass factories, tobacco and cigar fac- tories, foundries, boiler works, stove works, canneries, ice factory, machine shops, brass foundry, planing mills, etc. Wheeling was settled in 1769, and was the scene of battles with the British and Indians during the Revolutionary War. In 1863-1870, and in 1875-1885 it was the State capital. Pop. (1910) 41,641; (1920) 56,208. WHEWELL (hu'el), WILLIAM, an English philosopher; born in Lancaster, England, May 24, 1794; was graduated at Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1816; became fellow and tutor of his college; in 1828 was elected Professor of Miner- alogy. In 1832 he resigned this chair for that of moral philosophy, which he held till 1855, when he became vice- chancellor of the university. In 1841 he was _ nominated to the mastership of Trinity, and in this position he labored successfully to obtain for the natural and moral sciences a better recognized position among the studies of the uni- versity. He became fellow of the Royal Society in 1820, and was one of the first members of the British Association, of which he was president in 1841. Among Whewell's multifarious writings may be mentioned the Bridgewater treatise, "Astronomy and General Physics, con- sidered with reference to Natural Theol- ogy" (1833) ; "History of the Inductive Sciences" (1837) ; "Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences" (1840) ; "History of Scientific Ideas; Elements of Morality, including Polity" (1845); "On Liberal Education in General; Lectures on the History of Moral Philosophy in Eng- land" (1852); "Platonic Dialogues" (1859-1861) ; "Lectures on Political Economy" (1863). He died in Cam- bridge, March 6, 1866. WHIG, in English history, a term ap- plied to the members of one of the great political parties in Great Britain. Originally it was a Scotch term, and appears to have been first used in Scot-
