WOLFRAM VON ESCHENBACH 402 WOLSEY WOLFRAM VON ESCHENBACH (volf'ram fon esh'en-ba/i), next to Walther von der Vogelweide the greatest of Middle High German poets. He was poor and with a family, and could neither read nor write; but knew French and was of noble birth, which enabled him to frequent the court of Hermann of Thuringia. His chief works were three epic poems: "Parzival" (about 1210), the greatest of German court epics; "Titurel" (about 1210?), left unfinished; "Willehalm" (begun before 1216), left unfinished; both afterward completed by other hands. He wrote also Ijrrics, among which were four "Day Songs." He died about 1220. WOLLASTON LAKE, a lake in the Northwest Territory, British America. It is about 50 miles long and finds its outlet in the Mackenzie river. WOLLIN, an island of Prussia at the mouth of the Oder; on the N. side of the Great Haff; length, 20 miles; breadth from 3 to 10 miles. Fishing and cattle- rearing are the chief employments. Pop. about 15,000. WOLLSTONECRAFT, MARY. See Godwin, Mary. WOLSELEY, GARNET JOSEPH, LORD, an English military officer; bom near Dublin, Ireland, June 4, 1833; en- tered the army as ensign in 1852; took part in the second Burmese war (1852- 1853), where he was severely wounded; served with distinction in the Crimea, and was wounded at the siege of Sebastopol; engaged in the siege and capture of Lucknow during the Indian mutiny of 1857-1858; and was employed in 1860 in the Chinese war. He was des- patched to Canada in 1861, and again in 1867, having received command of the Red River expedition, which he carried to a successful issue. Three years after- ward Wolseley (then K. C. M. G. and Major-General) was appointed to the command of an expedition to punish the King of Ashantee, and after a brief cam- paign he entered Coomassie (February, 1874), and received the submission of the king, being rewarded by a grant of $125,- 000 and the dignity of K. C. B. After the defeat of a British force by the Zulus in south Africa in 1879 he was despatched as high commissioner, but before his ar- rival the Zulus had been defeated at Ulandi, and little remained for him to do. His next command was in Egypt in 1882, where his forces successfully stormed the lines of Tel-el-Kebir and captured Arabi Pasha. For this he re- ceived the thanks of Parliament and was created a baron, his army rank being also raised to that of General. His next appointment was as Adjutant-General of the forces. When the Mahdi subdued the Sudan, and held General Gordon prisoner in Khartum, Wolseley was despatched in 1884 with a relief expedition. He con- centrated his forces at Korti, and sent a column across the desert to Khartum, but before its arrival the place had fallen. On his return to England he was created a viscount. In 1888 he was made ranger of Greenwich Park; was commander of the forces in Ireland, 1890-1895; and was then made Field Marshal and Com- mander-in-Chief of the British army. He wrote: "Soldier's Pocket Book" (1886); the "Field Book for the Auxiliary Forces" (1873) ; and a "Narrative of the War in China" (1861) ; "Life of the Duke of Marlborough" (1894) ; "Decline and Fall of Napoleon" (1895) ; etc. He died in 1913. WOLSEY, THOMAS, CARDINAL, an English prelate; born in Ipswich, Eng- land, in March, 1471; was educated at Magdalen College, Oxford, where he took his degrees as a scholar of distinction. After quitting the university he was ap- pointed to the parish of Lymington in CARDINAL THOMAS WOLSEY Somerset. Then he became a private chaplain to the Archbishop of Canter- bury, one of the governors of Calais, chaplain to Henry VII., and latterly Dean of Lincoln. When Heni'y VIII. be- came king, the advancement of Wolsey was rapid. Successively he was appointed Canon of Windsor, Dean of York, Bishop of Lincoln, Archbishop of York, and his nomination as cardinal in 1515 and Pope's legate in 1518 completed his ecclesiastical dignities. In 1515 he was also appointed lord-chancellor of the kingdom. He was twice a candidate for
