WORCESTER 413 WORDE orated. The cathedral, first ei'ected (983), was rebuilt by Bishop Wulfstan (1084), and again (1281). Many altera- tions have since been made, and it has been elaborately "restored" at a cost of more than $500,000. It has a good tow- er with a clock and carillon of 12 bells, and contains the tomb of King John and of Prince Arthur, eldest son of Henry VII. Worcester has a guildhall, a gn:'ani- mar school, hop market, and elegant banks. Ruins of the castle and monas- tery of Worcester lie a short way S. of the cathedral. Glove-making has long been the staple industry of Worcester. The porcelain made here is also very famous for its delicacy and beauty of design. Iron foundries have existed from time immemorial, and tanning and rope- making are carried on. Worcester, which dates from prehistoric times, was suc- cessively a British fort, a Roman camp, an English stronghold, and a bishop's see (from 680). Destroyed by the Danes, it was rebuilt by Ethelred, sacked by Hardicanute (1041), and frequently by the Welsh during the following two cen- turies. A new charter was granted by James I. in 1622, and Worcester es- poused the royal cause throughout the great rebellion; here Cromwell achieved his "crowning mercy," Sept. 3, 1651. For its constant fidelity to the royal cause, Worcester received from Charles the motto still on the city arms, "Civitas in hello et in pace fidelis" Pop. about 52,000. WORCESTER, DEAN CONANT, an American educator; born in Thetford, Vt., Oct. 1, 1866; was graduated at the University of Michigan in 1889; traveled in 15 of the Philippine Islands in 1887- 1889; was instructor of animal morphol- ogy at the University of Michigan in 1893-1894, and became assistant profes- sor in the latter year. In 1890-1892 he again traveled in the Philippines with Dr. F. S. Bourns, in a tour known as "the Menage Scientific Expedition." In January, 1899, he was appointed one of the United States commissioners to the islands to investigate and repoii; on conditions there. Under the work of this commission civil government for the Philippines was inaugurated at Manila, July 4, 1901, with Judge Taft as the first civil governor. Until 1913 he was secre- tary of the Interior for the Philippines. Dr. Worcester was the author of "Pre- liminary Notes on the Birds and Mam- mals collected by the Menage Scientific Expedition to the Philippine Islands" 1894) ; "Contributions to Philippine Ornithology" (1898); "The PTiilippine Islands and their People" (1898) ; "The Philippines, Past and Present" (1913) ; Cyc and contributions to the elaborate "Re- port of the Philippine Commission" (1900). WORCESTER, JOSEPH EMERSON, an American lexicographer; born in Bedford, N. H., Aug. 24, 1784. He was graduated at Yale in 1811, and very shortly began his life work as a diction- ary maker. His first publication was: "A Geographical Dictionary, or Uni- versal Gazetteer" (1817, revised 1823) ; followed by "Gazetteer of the United States" (1818); "Elements of Geog- raphy" (1819) ; "Sketches of the Earth and its Inhabitants" (1823) ; "Elements of History" (1826). In 1830 he pub- lished the "Comprehensive Pronouncing and Explanatory English Dictionary" (enlarged editions appeared 1847-1849- 1855). In 1860 he published the great quarto, "Dictionary of the English Lan- guage" (illustrated) , a standard author- ity wherever the English tongue is spoken. In 1820 he settled in Cambridge, Mass., and died there, Oct. 27, 1865. WORCESTER COLLEGE, a part of Oxford University; founded in 1714, out of the older Gloucester Hall, by Sir Thomas Cookes, for a provost, six fel- lows, and six scholars. Of the fellows four, of the scholars five, must be sons of clergymen, needing suppoii; at the universities, and six of the remaining scholarships are for scholars of Broms- grove School. WORCESTER POLYTECHNIC IN- STITUTE, a technical non-sectarian in- stitution in Worcester, Mass.; founded in 1865; reported at the close of 1919: Professors and instructors, about 50; students, about 600; president, Ira N. Hollis, Sc. D. WORDE, WYNKYN DE. an English printer; born probably in Lorraine. lb is not known when he entered Caxton's service, but most likely it was at a very early age, as he was still living in 1535. In 1491 he succeeded to the stock-in- trade of his deceased master, but he did not append his name to his books till 1493. From about 1502 onward he worked in Fleet Street, London, at the sign of the Sun. He used on his books many vari- eties of Caxton's "mark," and Mr. Blades gives as many as 14 variant forms of his own name. Wynkyn de Worde made great improvements in the art of print- ing, and especially in that of type cut- ting. The books printed by him — 408 in number, according to the list in Diblin's edition (1810) of Joseph Ames' "Ty- pographical Antiquities" — are generally distinguished by their neatness and ele- gance, hardly by their accuracy, nor, a 27 Vol. X
