XENIA 463 XERES Dec. 3. The last occasion vas in 1878. Xavier was canonized in 1622, and in 1747 Benedict XIV. declared him the Protector of India. XENIA, a city and county-seat of Greene co., O. ; on Shawnee creek, and on the Pittsburg, Cincinnati, Chicago, and St. Louis, the Cincinnati, Hamilton, and Dayton and the Pennsylvania rail- roads ; 55 miles S. W. of Columbus. Here are a United Presbyterian Theological Seminary, Wilberforce University for Colored Students (A, M. E.), State Soldiers' and Sailors' Orphans' Home, court house, churches, puolic libraries, National banks, and daily, weekly, and monthly periodicals. The city has twine and cordage plants, pump, paper, carri- age, and shoe factories, marble and granite works, saw and planing mills, etc. Pop. (1910) 8,706; (1920) 9,110. XENOCLES (zen'6-klez), a Greek tragic poet; born in Athens, in the 4th century b. C, in the time of Philip of Macedon. He obtained a prize for four plays, "CEdipus," "Lycaon," the "Bac- chantes," and "Athamas." XENOCRATES (ze-nok'ra-tez) , a Greek writer and philosopher; born in Chalcedon, in 396 b. c. ; removed in early youth to Athens, where he joined Plato. He was for some years scholarch, or rector, of the Academy. His writings were numerous, chiefly on metaphysics and ethics, laying special stress on the latter, and working on Platonic lines. He is said to have first divided philos- ophy into physics, didactics, and ethics. He died in Athens, in 314 B. C. XENON, the name of an element dis- covered in 1898 by Professor Ramsay and Dr. Morris Travers when making the experiments with liquid air which resulted in the finding of neon and cryp- ton. Its spectrum resembles that of argon, while furnishing different lines. XENOPHANES (ze-nof 'a-nez) , a Greek writer and philosopher; born in Colophon about the third or fourth decade of the 6th century b. C. Exiled from his Ionian home, he established himself at Elea in southern Italy. He is the reputed founder of the Eleatic philosophy, and his teachings found ex- pression in both elegiac and epic p&ems, the most important being "On Nature" and "Satires." He died at the age of 92, in Elea. XENOPHON, a Greek historian, and philosopher; born about 430 B. c. At an early age he became a pupil of Soc- rates, and is said to have been saved from death by that philosopher at the battle of Delium. About the age of 40 he joined the expedition of the younger Cyrus against his elder brother, Artax- erxes Mnemon, King of Persia. After the battle of Cunaxa, and the treacher- ous massacre of the Greek generals, Xenophon played an important part in the adventurous retreat known in his- tory of the "Retreat of the Ten Thou- sand"; and it was his courage and con- duct that contributed mainly to its suc- cess. He afterward settled at Scillus, a small town near Olympia, in Elis, under Spartan protection, where he lived up- ward of 20 years, occupying himself with hunting, agriculture, and writing. At last he was driven from his retreat at Scillus by the E leans, and took refuge in Corinth. His works are numerous, and, to judge by their titles and number, all extant. His principal works are the "Anabasis," or narrative of Cyrus' ex- pedition and the "Retreat of the Ten Thousand"; a "History of Greece," in continuation of Thucydides; the "Cyro- pasdia," or education of Cyrus the Elder, a historical romance; "Reminiscences (Memorabilia) of Socrates"; the "Sym- posium," a sequel to the Memorabilia; the "Economics." He wrote also a man- ual of cavalry instruction, a treatise on horsemanship, etc. He died after 357. XENOPHON OF EPHESUS, called Xenophon the younger, a Greek writer who lived in the 2nd century of the Christian era. One work of his has been preserved, a story in five books, called "Ephesiaca; or The Loves of Abrocomas and Anthia." * XERES, FRANCISCO (har'as), a Spanish historian, who lived in the 16th century, accompanying Pizarro, as his
